We Need an International Ban on Genetically Modified...

It’s Time for an International Ban Genetically Modified Humans If you could ensure that your future children would be healthy, would you? This is a trivial question because most parents would stop at nothing to ensure that their children are healthy. Human germ-line engineering may soon make it possible to alter the genome of human embryos—permanently changing the genetic blueprint for every cell in an embryo’s body. Through human germ-line technology we could eradicate many debilitating genetic diseases (e.g. Tay-Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis etc.), prevent cancer, and even increase the average life span. Human germ-line engineering is prenatal and produces genetically modified traits that can be passed along to subsequent†¦show more content†¦However, researchers generally agree that germ-line engineering will be possible within the next twenty years (Rabino 153). When the technology does develop, the procedure for germ-line engineering will be similar to that of in vitro fertilization. For example, a couple wishes to h ave a child, but they have reservations about naturally conceiving because both of their families have a history of cystic fibrosis. They decide that the use of germ-line engineering would be the best way for them to ensure they produce a healthy child. First, the couple will go to a clinic and some of the man’s sperm and some of the woman’s eggs will be harvested. These sex cells will then be taken to a laboratory and in a Petri dish the man’s sperm will be induced to fertilize the woman’s eggs. These fertilized eggs will then be allowed to develop up to the eight-cell embryonic stage. At this point one cell from each eight-cell embryo will be removed for genetic testing (this does not cause significant harm to the embryo’s development because the cells are not yet differentiated into the different types of tissue). If the genetic tests come out positive for the defective gene that causes cystic fibrosis, the diseased embryos will undergo genetic surgery. In genetic surgery, through various intricate methods, the defective gene is basically spliced out of theShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of The Ukraine Crisis1127 Words   |  5 Pagesphenomenon that isn’t limited to U.S foreign policy. We’ve seen the same narrative play out in the ongoing debate regarding the use of genetically modified crops in the U.S food supplies. The number of voices on the subject is growing while the amount of knowledge stagnates. To address the issue, we must first locate the origin of myths surrounding genetically modified crops. Then, establish some borders on the debate to ensure it remains educated and accurate. And finally, come to a decision regardingRead MoreShould Labeling be Required for GMOs? Essays1218 Words   |  5 PagesRequired for GMOs? The debate over genetically modified foods continues to haunt producers and consumers alike. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are foods that have been modified through bioengineering to possess certain characteristics. These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or increased nutritional content (Whitman, 2000). The debate continues to grow as to whether these genetically altered foodstuffs are the answer toRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms : The Most Valuable Source Human Beings Need?1169 Words   |  5 Pages What’s the most valuable source human beings need? It’s food! But when does crossing the line of messing with food take a toll on human consumption? Should an effort to curb world hunger increase food production through the use of GMOs? There’s many speculations on GMOs on how some say it s bad for human consumption and how others say it s perfectly fine. This argument wi ll be about how GMOs are bad for human consumption who many people tend to go on that side. To begin, what isRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Food Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesin the form of genetically modified crops. I realize the severity of the situation which plagues my people, but I cannot leave the extended welfare of my country to chance. My decision to refuse aid in the form of genetically modified food stems from the unknown health effects, probable environmental impact and possible trade disruption associated with GMOs. The fact of the matter is, we just don’t know the long-term health effects caused by consuming genetically modified organisms. GMOsRead MoreEssay on The Dangers of Genetically Modified Foods2726 Words   |  11 Pagesmultibillion dollar genetically modified food industries have evolved immensely over the past two decades, and it has secretly entered our lives today. We are not aware of the damage genetically modified organism can bring, by altering the natural traits of our foods not only impact our environment but it also impacted our abilities to functions as regular humans. We are not aware because GMOs are not labeled; government regulations right now do not require the labeling of Genetically Modified products thusRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms2177 Words   |  9 Pages20 years that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been in American’s food supply. As much as 80% of all packaged foods contain GMOs (Genetically Modified Foods : Get the Facts). Although scientists have concluded evidence of a correlation associating GMOs to hazardous health issues in animals, these products are still deemed safe for human consumption according to the standards of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Interests in their potentially harmful risks to humans have recentlyRead MoreLas 432 - Genetically Modified Foods Essay14589 Words   |  59 PagesGenetically Modified Organisms | in Food | | Team Members: | | Team Leader: Brenda Brown | Outline Abstract by Brenda Brown and Tony Balch 3 Thesis Statement and Summary by Kelly Baker and Brenda Brown 4 GMO Technology by Vanessa Brogsdale 5 I. What are GMO’S? II. Scientific Techniques and Experiments History of GMO by Vanessa Brogsdale 12 I. Biotechnology Timeline II. Advantages and Disadvantages Political and Legal Issues by Brenda Brown Read MoreFood Culture5912 Words   |  24 PagesModern Language Association (MLA) Citation: Update: Genetically Modified Food.  Issues amp; Controversies On File:  n. pag.  Issues amp; Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 31 Dec. 2008. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. lt;http://www.2facts.com/article/i1000400gt;. Facts On File News Services automatically generated MLA citations have been updated according to the  MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th edition. American Psychological Association (APA) Citation format: The title ofRead MoreEssay on Genetically Modified Foods3174 Words   |  13 PagesGenetically Modified Foods During the last few decades, the field of genetics has been significantly advanced. One of these advancements is the understanding of how genes affect an organism. Through this understanding, geneticists have begun to alter the natural genes found in food. The altercation of genes in food has given these foods the name genetically modified. Currently, the affect of genetically modified food on humans and the environment is a controversial topic among geneticistsRead MoreLas 432 Research Paper: Gmos20901 Words   |  84 PagesLAS 432 Course Capstone Project Genetically Modified Organisms LAS 432 -93 Professor: Carolyn Paul June 23, 2013 Team B Team Leader: Michele Jacobs - D#03424398 Team Members: Aakash Desai – D#01297308 Thomas Graf - D#01260952 Justin Greene - D#03529375 Lauren Kaminski - D#00724282 Stephanie Lopez - D#03452598 Terrance O’Connor - D#01683321 Abstract This report discusses Genetically Modified Organisms from the perspective of a pro and con standpoint. It will be up

Night World Black Dawn Chapter 12 Free Essays

string(111) " behind Sylvia were two other people who each gave her a jolt, and she didn’t knowwhich shock was worse\." No, we’re not!† Maggie said. She kicked the heavy cover off and jumped up, grabbing Cady’s arm. â€Å"Come on!† â€Å"Where?† Jeanne said. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 12 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The castle,† Maggie said. â€Å"But we’ve got to sticktogether.† She grabbed PJ.’s arm with her otherhand. â€Å"The castle?† Maggie pinned Jeanne with a look. â€Å"It’s the onlything that makes sense. They’ll be expecting us totry to find the pass, right? They’ll find us if we stayhere. The only place they won’t expect us to go is the castle.† â€Å"You,† Jeanne said, â€Å"are completely crazy-â€Å"†Come on!† â€Å"But you just might be right.† Jeanne grabbed Cady from the other side as Maggie started for the door. â€Å"You stay right behind us,† Maggie hissed at P.J. The landscape in front of her looked differentthan it had last night. The mist formed a silver netover the trees, and although there was no sun, the clouds had a cool pearly glow. It was beautiful. Still alien, still disquieting, butbeautiful. And in the valley below was a castle. Maggie stopped involuntarily as she caught sightof it. It rose out of the mist like an island, blackand shiny and solid. With towers at the edges. Anda wall around it with a saw-toothed top, just like the castles in pictures. It looks so real, Maggie thoughtstupidly. â€Å"Don’t stand there! What are you waiting for?Jeanne snapped, dragging at Cady. Maggie tore her eyes away and made her legswork. They headed at a good pace straight for the thickest trees below the shack. â€Å"If it’s dogs, we should try to find a stream orsomething, right?† she said to Jeanne. â€Å"To cut off our scent.† â€Å"I know a stream,† Jeanne said, speaking in shortbursts as they made their way through dew-wetferns and saxifrages. â€Å"I lived out here a while thefirst time I escaped. When I was looking for thepass. But they’re not just dogs.† Maggie helped Cady scramble over the tentaclelike roots of a hemlock tree. â€Å"What’s that supposedto mean?† â€Å"It means they’re shapeshifters, like Bern andGavin. So they don’t just track us by scent. They also feel our life energy.† Maggie thought about Bern turning his face this way and that, saying, â€Å"Do yousense anything?†AndGavin saying, â€Å"No. I can’t feel them atall.† â€Å"Great,† Maggie muttered. She glanced back andsaw P.J. following doggedly, her face taut with concentration. It was a strange sort of chase. Maggie and hergroup were trying to keepas quietaspossible,which was made easier by the dampness of the rainforest around them. Although there were fourof them moving at once, the only sound from closeup was the soft pant of quick breathing and the occasional short gasp of direction from Jeanne. They slipped and plunged and stumbled betweenthe huge dark trunks that stood like columns in themist. Cedar boughs drooped from above, making ittwilight where Maggie was trying to pick her wayaround moss-covered logs. There was a cool greensmell like incense everywhere. But however still the world was around them,there was always the sound of the hounds baying in the distance. Always behind them, always getting closer. They crossed an icy, knee-deep stream, but Maggie didn’t have much hope that it would throw the pursuit off. Cady began to lag seriously after that.She seemed dazed and only semiconscious, follow ing instructionsas if she weresleepwalking,and only answering questions with a fuzzy murmur.Maggie was worried aboutP.J., too. They were all weak with hunger and shaky with stress. But it wasn’t until they were almost at the castle that the hunt caught up with them. They had somehow finished the long, demandingtrek down the mountain. Maggie was burning withpride for P.J. and Cady. And then, all at once, thebaying of the hounds came, terribly close and get ting louder fast. At the same moment, Jeanne stopped and cursed,staring ahead. â€Å"What?† Maggie was panting heavily. â€Å"You seethem?† Jeanne pointed. â€Å"I see the road.I’m an idiot.They’re coming right down it, much faster than we can go through the underbrush. I didn’t realize wewere headed for it.† P.J. leaned against Maggie, her slight chest heaving, her plaid baseball hat askew. â€Å"What are we going to do?† she said. â€Å"Are theygoing to catch us?† â€Å"Not† Maggie set her jaw grimly. â€Å"Well have togo back fast – 2†² At that moment, faintly but distinctly, Cady said,†The tree.† Her eyes were half shut, her head was bowed,and she still looked as if she were in a trance. Butfor some reason Maggie felt she ought to listen to her. â€Å"Hey, waitlook at this.† They were standing at the foot of a huge Douglas fir. Its lowest brancheswere much too high to climb in the regular way,but a maple had fallen against it and remainedwedged, branches interlocked with the giant, forming a steep but climbable ramp. â€Å"We can go up.† `You’re crazy, â€Å"Jeanne saidagain.†We can’t possibly hide here; they’re going to go right by us. And besides, how does she even know there’s a tree here?† Maggie looked at Arcadia. It was a good question, but Cady wasn’t answering. She seemed to bein a trance again. â€Å"I don’t know. But we can’t just stand aroundand wait for them to come.† The truth was that herinstincts were all standing up and screaming at her,and they said to trust. â€Å"Let’s try it, okay? Come on,P.J.,can you climb that tree?† Four minutes later they were all up. We’re hiding in a Christmas tree, Maggie thoughtasshe lookedout between sprays of flat aromatic needles. Fromthis height she could see the road, which was justtwo wheel tracks with grass growing down the middle. Just then the hunt arrived. The dogs came first, dogsasbigasJake the Great Dane, but leaner. Maggie could see their ribsclearly defined under their short, dusty tan coats.Right behind them were people on horses. Sylvia was at the front of the group. She was wearing what looked like a gown splitfor riding, in a cool shade of glacier green. Trottingbeside her stirrup was Gavin, the blond slave traderwho’d chased Maggie and Cady yesterday and had run to tattle when Delos killed Bern with the blue fire. Yeah, they’re buddy-buddy all right, Maggiethought. But she didn’t have time to dwell on it.Coming up fast behind Sylvia were two other people who each gave her a jolt, and she didn’t knowwhich shock was worse. You read "Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 12" in category "Essay examples" One was Delos. He was riding a beautiful horse,so dark brown it was almost black, but with reddish highlights. He sat straight and easy in the saddle, looking every inch the elegant young prince. The only discordant note was the heavy brace on his left arm. Maggie stared at him, her heart numb. He was after them. It was just as Jeanne hadsaid He was hunting them down with dogs. Andhe’d probably told Sylvia that he hadn’t really killedtwo of the slaves. Almost inaudibly, Jeanne breathed, â€Å"You see?†Maggie couldn’t look at her. Then she saw another rider below and froze inbewilderment. It was Delos’s father. He looked exactly the way he had in Delos’smemories. A tall man, with bloodred hair and acold, handsome face. Maggie couldn’t see his eyes at this distance, but she knew that they were afierce and brilliant yellow. The old king. But he was deadMaggie was tooagitated to be cautious. â€Å"Who is that? The redhaired man,† she murmured urgently to Jeanne. Jeanne answered almost without a sound.†Hunter Redfern.† â€Å"It’s not the king?† Jeanne shook her head minutely. Then, whenMaggie kept staring at her, she breathed. â€Å"He’sDelos’s greatgrandfather. He just came. I’ll tell youabout it later.† Maggie nodded. And the next instant it wasswept out of her head as P.J.’s hand clutched at her and she felt a wave of adrenaline. The party below was stopping. The hounds turned and circled first, forming ahesitant clump not twenty feet down the road. When the people pulled up their horses they werealmost directly below Maggie’s tree. â€Å"What is it?† the tall man said, the one Jeannehad called Hunter Redfern. And then one of the hounds changed. Maggiecaught the movement out of the corner of her eyeand looked quickly, or she would have missed it. The lean, wiry animal reared up, like a dog tryingto look over a fence. But when it reached its fullheight it didn’t wobble or go back down. It steadied, and its entire dusty-tan body rippled. Then, as if it were the most natural thing in theworld, its shoulders went back and its arms thickened. Its spine straightened and it seemed to gainmore height. Its tail pulled in and disappeared. Andits hound face melted and re-formed, the ears andmuzzle shrinking, the chin growing. In maybetwenty seconds the dog had become a boy, a boy who still wore patches of tan fur here and there,but definitely human-looking. And he’s got pants on, Maggie thought distractedly, even though her heart was pounding in herthroat. I wonder how they manage that? The boy turned his head toward the riders. Maggie could see the ribs in his bare chest move withhis breathing. â€Å"Something’s wrong here,† he said. â€Å"I can’t followtheir life force anymore.† Hunter Redfern looked around.†Are they blocking it?† Gavin spoke up from beside Sylvia’s stirrup. â€Å"Bern said they were blocking it yesterday.† â€Å"Isn’t that impossible?† Delos’s cool voice camefrom the very back of the group, where he wasexpertly holdinghisnervous,dancinghorsein check. â€Å"If they’re only humans?† Hunter didn’t move or blink an eye, but Maggiesaw a glance pass between.Sylvia and Gavin. Sheherself twisted her head slightly, just enough tolook at the other girls in the tree. She wanted to see if Jeanne understood whatthey were talking about, but it was Cady whocaught her eye. Cady’s eyes were shut, her headleaning against the dark furrowed trunk of the tree.Her lips were moving, although Maggie couldn’thear any sound. And Jeanne was watching her with narrowedeyes and an expression of grim suspicion. â€Å"Human vermin are full of surprises,† Hunter Redfern was saying easily down below. â€Å"It doesn’t matter. We’ll get them eventually.† â€Å"They may be heading for the castle,† Sylvia said.†We’d better put extra guards at the gate.† Maggie noticed how Delos stiffened at that. And so did Hunter Redfern, even though he waslooking the other way. He said calmly, â€Å"What do you think of that, Prince Delos?† Delos didn’t move for an instant. Then he said,†Yes. Do it.† But he said it to a lean, bearded man beside him, who bowed his head in a quick jerk. And he did something that made Maggie’s heartgo cold. He looked up at her. The other people in his party, including the hounds, were looking up and down the road, orsideways into the forest at their own level. Deloswas the only one who’d been sitting quietly, lookingstraight ahead. But now he tilted his chin andturned an expressionless face toward the cluster ofbranches where Maggie was sitting.And met her gaze directly. She saw the blaze of his yellow eyes, even at thisdistance. He was looking coolly and steadily-at her. Maggie jerked back and barely caught herselffrom falling. Her heart was pounding so hard itwas choking her. But she didn’t seem to be able to do anything but cling to her branch. We’re dead, she thought dizzily, pinned into immobility by those golden eyes. He’s stronger thanthe rest of them; he’s a Wild Power. And he couldsense us all along. Now all they have to do is surround the tree. Wecan try to fight-but we don’t have weapons. They’llbeat us in no time†¦. Go away.The voice gave her a new shock. It wasclear and unemotional-and it was in Maggie’shead. Delos?she thought, staring into that burning gaze. You can-? His expression didn’t change. I told you before,but you wouldn’t listen. What do I have to do to make you understand? Maggie’s heart picked up more speed. Delos, lis ten to me. I don’t want I’m warning you,he said, and his mental voicewas like ice. Don’t come to the castle. If you do, I won’t protect you again. Maggie felt cold to her bones, too numb to evenform words to answer him. I mean it,he said. Stay away from the castle if you want to stay alive. Then he turned away and Maggie felt the contactbetween them broken off cleanly. Where his presence had been she could feel emptiness. â€Å"Let’s go,† he said in a short, hard voice, and spurred his horse forward. And then they were all moving, heading on downthe path, leaving Maggie trying to keep hertrembling from shaking the tree. When the last horse was out of sight, P.J. let outher breath, sagging. â€Å"I thought they had us,† she whispered. Maggie swallowed. â€Å"Me, too. But Cady was right.They went on by.† She turned. â€Å"Just what was that stuff about us blocking them?† Cady was still leaning her head against the treetrunk, and her eyes were still closed. But sheseemed almost asleep now-and her lips weren’tmoving. Jeanne’s eyes followed Maggie’s. They were stillnarrowed, and her mouth was still tight with something like grim humor. But she didn’t say anything.After a moment she quirked an eyebrow andshrugged minutely. â€Å"Who knows?† Youknow, Maggie thought. At least more thanyou’re telling me. But there was something elsebothering her, so she said, â€Å"Okay, then, what aboutthat guy who looks like Delos’s father? HunterRedfern.† â€Å"He’s a bigwig in the Night World,† Jeanne said.†Maybe the biggest. It was his son who foundedthis place back in the fourteen hundreds.† Maggie blinked. â€Å"In the what’s?† Jeanne’s eyes glowed briefly, sardonically. â€Å"In thefourteen hundreds,† she said with exaggerated pa tience.†They’revampires,allright?Actually, they’re lamia, which is the kind of vampire thatcan have kids, but that’s not the point. The point is they’re immortal, except for accidents.† â€Å"That guy has been alive more than five hundredyears,† Maggie said slowly, looking down the pathwhere Hunter Redfern had disappeared. â€Å"Yeah. And, yeah, everybody says how much helooks like the old king. Or the other way around,you know.† Delos sure thinks he looks like him, Maggiethought. She’d seen the way Hunter handled Delos,guiding him as expertly as Delos had guided hishorse. Delos was usedto obeying somebody wholooked and sounded just like Hunter Redfern. Then she frowned. â€Å"Buthow come heisn’tking?† â€Å"Oh†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Jeanne sighed and ducked under a sprayof fir needles that was tangled in her hair. She looked impatient and uneasy. â€Å"He’s from the Outside, okay? He’s only been here a couple of weeks. All the slaves say that he didn’t even know aboutthis place before that. ‘Me didn’t know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Look. This is the way I heard it from the oldslaves, okay? Hunter Redfern had a son namedChervil when he was really young. And when Cher vil was, like, our age, they had some big argumentand got estranged. And then Chervil ran off withhis friends, and that left Hunter Redfern withoutan heir. And Hunter Redfern never knew thatwhere the kid went was hem.† Jeanne gesturedaround the valley. â€Å"To start his own little kingdom of Night People. But then somehow Hunter found out, so he came to visit. And that’s why he’s here.† She finished and stretched her shoulders, lookingdown the tree-ramp speculatively. P.J. sat quietly, glancing from Jeanne to Maggie. Cady justbreathed. Maggie chewed her lip, not satisfied yet. â€Å"He’shere just to visit? That’s all?† â€Å"I’m a slave. You think I asked him personally?†Ã¢â‚¬ I think you know.† Jeanne stared at her a moment, then glanced atP.J. Her look was almost sullen, but Maggieunderstood. â€Å"Jeanne, she’s been through hell already. Whatever it is, she can take it. Right, kiddo?† P.J. twisted her plaid cap in a complete circleand settled it more firmly on her head. â€Å"Right,† shesaid flatly. â€Å"So tell us,† Maggie said. â€Å"What’s Hunter Redferndoing here?† How to cite Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 12, Essay examples

Bronchitis Essay Example For Students

Bronchitis Essay Bronchitis is anINFLAMMATION of the membrane that linesthe air passages, or, bronchial tubes, of theLUNGS and results in the narrowing of these airpassages. This disorder may be of either an acuteor chronic type. Irritation of mucus-producingglands within the membrane results in theproduction of excess bronchial secretions. Themain symptoms of bronchitis are cough andincreased expectoration of sputum, with or withoutassociated wheezing and shortness of breath. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by infection byone of the many viruses that cause the commonCOLD or INFLUENZA and is frequentlyassociated with MEASLES. The patient maysuffer from additional symptoms, such as chestdiscomfort, fever, and aching, that arecharacteristic of these diseases. WHOOPINGCOUGH is a form of severe bronchitis caused bythe bacterium Hemophilus pertussis. Treatment ofa pure viral infection is directed toward the reliefof symptoms, but frequently secondary infectionsby bacteria complicate the condition. In such acase the patients sputum may turn from white toyellow (purulent, or pus containing), and treatmentwith various antibiotics is recommended. Acutechemical bronchitis may be caused by theinhalation of irritating fumes, such as smoke,chlorine, ammonia, and ozone. Chronic bronchitisresults from prolonged irritation of the bronchialmembrane, causing cough and the excessivesecretion of mucus for extended periods. By farthe most common cause of chronic bronchitis iscigarette SMOKING, but air pollution andindustrial fume and dust inhalation are alsoimportant irritants. Patients with chronic bronchitisare subject to recurrent infections with H. influenzae and pneumococci. PulmonaryEMPHYSEMA often coexists, and over a longperiod of time the patient may suffer fromincreasing breathlessness, decreasing exercisetolerance, and, finally, total disability. In the mostsevere forms of the disease, the patient may havea blue, bloated appearance, and a fatal heartdisease, known as COR PULMONALE. HOWARD BUECHNER, M.D. Bibliography:Burrows, B., Respiratory Disorders (1983);Fletcher, C., et al., The Natural History ofChronic Bronchitis and Emphysema (1976);Pennington, J. E., ed., Respiratory Infections(1983). Category: Science

Marketing of Apple Products in UK

Introduction Marketing can be defined as the process of making goods and service available to customers. Marketing helps to communicate one’s product to the potential customers. This includes selling products and promoting them through advertising. Marketing is geared towards satisfying customer needs and through the sale where the marketers earn revenue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing of Apple Products in UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Company Analysis The Apple Company was established in the year 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. Ronald Wayne opted to sell his stake in the company. Therefore, he stopped being a shareholder in the company after his shares were bought by the other two partners. In the initial stages of the company, Mark Markkula was critical in providing the financial assistance and expertise that was needed. The headquarters of the company is based in Cu pertino, California. The Apple Company engages in the manufacture of electronic gadgets and software. Some of the software manufactured by the company include the Mac OS X operating system and iTunes, among others. The company also manufactures the iLife, iWork and Aperture. Apart from the software, the company manufactures hardware such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad among others. Notably, the Apple company also manufactures the Macintosh computers. Steve Jobs was the former CEO of the company but died in 2011. As an entrepreneur, Steve Jobs created a great success story for the company. Most of the activities are based on risk taking. The establishment of the various products is based on risk taking by the organization. This has made the company quite successful compared to other competitors in the market. The aspect of entrepreneurship can be traced back to when the company was established. Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne took the greatest risk to establish the company . They had inadequate funds, and they underwent challenging moments to generate enough capital for the establishment of the business. Entrepreneurial aspects are also evident in the current activities of the organization (Gay, Charlesworth Esen 2006, p. 95). The Apple Company has established a research and development department to find out the product and market trends. The research and development department is critical for the growth of the company. Market research enables the company to establish the needs of customers so that the production department can design products that match the market demand. This approach has been beneficial to the company leading to the attraction of a significant market share. For example, the iMovie products have been successful in the market due to the high demand in the music industry. The Apple Company has made considerable sales of its products, and customers are satisfied by the products (Forester, 1987, p. 126).Advertising Looking for es say on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company markets its product under the logo of an apple with a bite mark to try and distinguish it from a cherry. The logo has had three dimension changes since the company was incorporated in 1976. The first logo depicted Sir Isaac Newton seated under an apple tree, but it later changed to the second logo depicting an apple with a rainbow theme. The second logo was in use since the year 1976 to 1998 after which it was changed. This provided room for the current logo to be adopted that depicts an apple with a monochromatic theme and black in color. Over the years, customers and employees have been able to associate with the apple product and the brand name. In addition, the company has derived different slogans for the company products. This includes the first slogan â€Å"Byte into an Apple,† which was coined in the 70s. It later changed to â€Å"Think Differen t† from the year 1997 to 2002. This slogan was used in campaigning and advertisement materials. The Apple Company has been able to derive new slogans for its diversified product lines. An example is an advertisement for iMac in 1998, which read as â€Å"iThink, therefore iMac†. The iPhone uses the following slogan in advertising: â€Å"Say hello to iPhone†. All these slogans have been used to market the different brands of Apple all over the world, and customers have been able to associate with this strong brand in the market (Viardot, 2004, p. 58). The sales of Apple products in the world have been on a steady rise over the years. This has resulted in high profits made by the company where some of the revenue is used to invest in new technology and innovation. The company uses a lot of funds in marketing its products all over the world. According to Forbes magazine, the company was the most recognized brands in the world as of 2011. For a company to have such a status, it should have committed a lot of finances towards marketing its brands all over the world. Findings The Apple Company has grown to become one of the most recognized brands in the world. This can be attributed to its clear marketing and promotion strategy that has satisfied many customers. A business enterprise is usually started to make a profit and manufacture competent products that help to offer maximum satisfaction to the customers. The company’s strategy to market its products has been instrumental for its massive profit margin when compared with other technology companies. It has been able to set a good working and innovation culture that was initiated by Steve Jobs. Thus, the company always strives to remain at the top over other companies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing of Apple Products in UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The culture of innovation has provided employees wit h strategies to manufacture competitive products. The employees of the company have been very innovative, and they have established many differentiated products. The innovations of the company have placed the company in an advantageous position over other competitors in the market. The company has established innovative products in the market, and customers appreciate these products. The innovative products have been differentiated to provide a competitive edge to the company in the global market. Through differentiation, Apple has managed to succeed in the market by competing with larger companies such as Microsoft and IBM among others. Some of the differentiated products include the iTunes and iPhone among others (Plunkett, 2008b, p. 67). The Apple Company has managed to capture customer loyalty in the market. Most of the customers of the company like the products due to their unique features, as well as the innovative culture of the company. The brands of the company are easily i dentifiable in the market, and many people are willing to re-buy from the company. The company enjoys a high level of customer loyalty. This aspect has increased the sales volume of the company since many customers are purchasing from the company. The company has been able to remain on the top edge due to its innovation and advancement in investing in new talents. The company has been on the forefront in contributing to modern technology with its on top products that have won accolades over the world due to the best features and unique innovation (Plunkett, 2008a, p. 98). Good customer relationship has attracted a large customer base to the company. The management of the company encourages employees to create a good relationship with customers. The company has been able to achieve customer loyalty through good relationship that the employees have with customers. E-business activities within Apple include the use of online management of the activities, as well as the online retailing . The online management system is used by managers to control the activities of the organization. The managers monitor customers, employees, and all the activities of the company. The trends in the market are monitored through the use of the online system. The sales made in the market can be determined by the system, and this is used in deciding the best products to manufacture. Most of the management decisions are made using the online management system. The e-business is enhanced through internet, intranets, and extranets. All departments are connected to the network connection where the management can access all individuals within the organization (Mohr, Sengupta Slater 2010, p. 223).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Apple Company has an expanded market over the world and its products are preferred considerably in Europe. In Europe, most of the Apple products are sold in the United Kingdom. According to the marketing president of the Apple Company, over the last few months, the sale of iPhones has more than doubled in U.K. After the introduction of Smartphones in the global market, the iPhone, which is a product of the Apple Company, has taken center stage with a 42.8% of UK Smartphone being sold. This is a big market margin given the number of players in the Smartphone industry. Such a huge sale has been attributed to the demand for the new iPhone 4s, which was introduced in the market during October. Many customers want to own the handset due to its technological advancement. According to the guardian magazine more than 44.8% of the British population owns a Smartphone, which in most cases is an Apple product. The iPhone has revolutionized the mobile industry due to its Android platform us ed by most Smartphone manufacturers. The iPhone 4s, which proceeded the iPhone 4, has received a major boost from the campaign carried out by the marketing executives of the Apple brand. This has resulted in very high sales all over the world (Mohr, Sengupta Slater 2010, p. 41). Some of the strategies that the Apple Company has used to market its products include the use of company-owned retail outlets. Although the strategy is expensive to install, it has worked well for the company. This is especially in Europe as the cost of hiring stores and employing sales agents is reduced in the long run. The company borrowed this strategy from IBM where it bought stores in the cities of Britain to offer a direct channel for its sales. The stores are stocked from the main company in the United States, and the strategy has worked well for the company. In this case, the success of the company can be attributed to this strategy. New products are stocked daily at the store where delivery is quic kened and thus improving on customer satisfaction. Extensive advertising through the mass media has taken place through the use of product slogans. These slogans are unique and drive a lot of pride when one owns an Apple product. Source: Duncan 2012. Reliability of the Apple products is another factor that has led to massive sales of the Apple brand over the years. Many customers feel proud to own a range of Apple products. These products are durable up to date through the extensive innovation being undertaken by Apple Tech engineers. Product diversification is one of the marketing strategies the company has applied for its European market. In this case, customers have many products to choose from when one wants to purchase an Apple product. This strategy has influenced the sales volume of the company, which is on the rise due to a single customer’s preference to purchase more than one Apple product such as iMac computer, iPads and iPods (Forester, 1987, p. 126). Conclusion The Apple Company is among the most recognized brands in the world. Its success story can be told from its founder, Steve Jobs, who has since passed, but his legacy in leadership is being told worldwide. The company has been able to earn high profits due to its intensive marketing strategies. This has led to enormous sales of its diversified products. The employees of the company have been very innovative, and they have established many differentiated products. The innovations of the company have placed the company at an advantage over other competitors in the market. The company has established innovative products in the market, and customers appreciate these products. The innovative products have been differentiated to provide a competitive edge to the company in the global market. Through differentiation, Apple has managed to succeed in the market by competing with larger companies like Microsoft and IBM among others. Reference List Duncan, D 2012, Why Apple stores are raking in bags full of cash, and no one can dupe the formula, https://www.digitaltrends.com/apple/why-do-apple-stores-make-so-much-money-and-why-cant-anybody-copy-them/ Forester, T 1987, High-tech society: the story of the information technology revolution, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. Gay, R, Charlesworth, A Esen, R 2006, Online marketing: a customer-led approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Mohr, JJ, Sengupta, S Slater, S F 2010, Marketing of high-technology products and innovations, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Plunkett, JW 2008a, Plunkett’s retail industry almanac 2009 the only comprehensive guide to the retail industry, Plunkett Research Ltd, Houston, Tex. Plunkett, JW 2008b, The almanac of American employers 2009 the only guide to America’s hottest, fastest growing major corporations, Plunkett Research Ltd, Houston, Tex. Viardot, E 2004, Successful marketing strategy for high-tech firms, Artech House, Boston, Mass. [u.a.]. This essay on Marketing of Apple Products in UK was written and submitted by user Angeline Bailey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Electoral College system to elect the President of the USAEssay Writing Service

Essay Electoral College system to elect the President of the USAEssay Writing Service Essay Electoral College system to elect the President of the USA Essay Electoral College system to elect the President of the USAThere are two main reasons why we should continue to use the Electoral College system to elect the President of the USA:First, the Electoral College system ensures broader public support of the candidate elected to become the U.S. President. Without this system, candidates could win the elections based on the votes of the heavily populated areas, such as large cities.Second, the Electoral College can be viewed as an important tool to promote an maintain federalism in the United States because this system is based on the principle of equality. In other words, each state has equal rights, no matter what size the state has. The system of federalism guarantees distinct rights which play an important role in the development of the states.There are two main reasons why the Electoral College should be abolished:First, the Electoral College system should be abolished because this system does not promote democracy. Its flaws incl ude the â€Å"faithless elector, the winner take all system, the constant two electoral votes, the uncertainty of the winner winning and the contingency procedure† (Rose, 2004, p. 199).Second, the Electoral College does not support the worth of votes of minority groups, intensifying the racial imbalance in the country. The Electoral College system privileges the lightly populated areas, inhabited by white people.I agree with the Electoral College because this system promotes the use of the two party system, which guarantees political stability and supports the U.S. Constitution. The Electoral College is part of the system of checks and balances, promoted by the U.S. Constitution. Besides, I believe that the Electoral College guarantees fair elections due to the truly national appeal to the President.

Anne Bradstreets Poetry

A literary review of the collection of poemsThe Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America by Anne Bradstreet who is thought to be the first genuine poet to develop in the English speaking New World. This paper discusses the poetry of Anne Bradstreet (who was only published once during her lifetime and without her knowledge ). Bradstreet had emigrated to New England as a young wife in 1630, and her poetry exemplifies a variety of themes related to home and hearth in the New World.Bradstreet offers more in-depth philosophic and religious analysis in other poems.Bradstreets poem Contemplations is an aptly-named poetic meditation with a didactic purpose.The poet uses images of nature such as could be seen in a given day as a way of evoking a sense of God and of the connection between the human lifespan and the larger metaphysical realm of God.The poem is in the first person, with the poet-narrator explaining her views as she observes nature and makes links between the images she sees there and her inner religious beliefs.This use of the first-person personalizes the narrative and brings the reader into the consciousness of the poet directly.We are brought by the poet into her contem plations.We know that the experiences she relates about nature are her own, and we know that the thoughts that these encounters engender are her own.

Health care marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Health care marketing - Essay Example The approach is the third step in which, the salesperson’s focus is the customers’ benefits. This is achieved using the FAB technique in which the product’s features are used. Presentation of the sales is the fourth step in which the presentation of sales is delivered after the grasp of the prospects interest. The presentation involves a persuasive explanation of the proposition of the business both visually and verbally. The trial close is the fifth step of the personal selling process. This step is also called the temperature question and is essentially a method of establishing the prospect’s behavior toward the product as well as its presentation. The sixth step is about the handling objections. They indicate the prospect’s interest and the salespeople should not see it with misgiving. In this step, the prospect requests additional information as a guide in the buying decision. This step helps the salesperson establish what the prospects have in their mind. The seventh step in the personal selling process is closing the sale which is essentially an understanding’s confirmation. If the salesperson really believes that the product’s purchase would benefit the prospect, his/her fear of closing the sale diminishes. The follow-up is the eighth step. The follow-up activities are meant to establish business relationships between the prospects and the salesperson in the long-term. The personal sales process is a crucial component of marketing because it enables the companies to collect data from the consumers so that they can modify the design of their product according to their needs and develop long-term relationship with the consumers by satisfying them with their products. This is absolutely beyond doubt that marketers’ efforts should not cause any harm to the society and they must make all conscious efforts to avoid doing any harm. These days, unfortunately, marketers do cause a lot of harm to the society. This is evident from the ads in which

Blackface Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blackface - Essay Example They wore woolly wigs on their heads, gloves for their hands and painted their lips in exaggeration. They also made use of either tail – coats or ragged clothes to highlight their totally transformed looks. Much later on, actual black artists took to the same art. Blackface minstrelsy played a very important and significant role in promoting racism worldwide through their racist perceptions and attitudes towards it. The greatest impact of Blackface on the community was â€Å"the precedent it established in the introduction of African American culture to an international audience, albeit through a distorted lens.† (Lott 1993, Watkins 1999) From a National level point of view, minstrelsy was the most popular form of art which was used to express themselves. There are multiple differences of opinions between scholars as to the authenticity leading to the social and cultural creations related to the Blackface practice. In this capacity, historian Robert Toll develops a perspective that reflects a relative ambivalence toward the institution of slavery in the North prior to the Civil War. The historian Eric Lott complicates the issue further by suggesting that Blackface minstrelsy were motivated by both â€Å"love and theft† of black culture. According to popular culture the North was regarded as being abolitionist and a champion of social justice during the Civil War; but contrary to this fact as demonstrated through the popularity of Blackface minstrel shows, there was clear evidence of the element of inferiority associated with individuals of African descent. What the Blackface minstrelsy shows reflected was the perceived unsophisticated nature of the entire African race compared to their European counterparts; the practice emphasized blacks falling short of white standards (67). Blackface minstrelsy made extensive use of malapropisms and puns and conducted their musical concerts while sitting in a wide

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era Essay Example for Free

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era Essay Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era. There were many ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era. Jazz became the cornerstone of popular culture during the period known as the swing era. The swing era influenced clothing styles, retail marketing, fashion, dance, and even language. Swing fans had their own clothing style and built a social phenomenon around it. With many dances coming and going the swing fans kept on dancing. Name some of the specific innovations Duke Ellington brought to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Duke Ellington brought some specific innovations to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Ellington was in time known as the greatest composer in jazz, he wrote roughly 2,000 compositions that had arranged from solo piano pieces, to works for orchestra’s, to highly symphonic concert music, etc. Ellington made a lot of changes to make the perfect sound, he used a variety of mutes on brass instruments to achieve more interesting tonal effects, often gave melodies to instruments that were not typically melodic instruments, and he used cross-sectional voicing. Read Also:  Topics for Descriptive Essay Ellington created an orchestra in the early 1940’s which later became known as his â€Å"Favorite Orchestra†. 4. Describe why Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Basie made the rhythm section to â€Å"breathe† which helped compliment instead of duplicate, as well as having the drummer Jo Jones who played the high hat cymbal style. With this Basie had created the All-American Rhythm section which was known at the first modern rhythm section because Basie had created such an amazing rhythm section to go with the rest of his band it was solid. 9. Describe some of the reasons why the swing era began and why it came to an end. There were many reasons why the swing era had begun and why it had come to an end. The beginning of the swing era started from a band called the Benny Goodman Orchestra. They traveled around on tour to get a spot and had been denied, until their last stop in Los Angeles, CA. The Palomar Ballroom wanted to hear the music that had been broadcasting and this began the swing era. The swing era decided to collapse with a shocking suddenness, with bands all over closing up their bags and shutting down. The swing era had suddenly ended from changing economics, the war, predictability, the changing audience, and bebop all of this had ended what was known as the swing era. 10. Describe how the styles of Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were different. The styles from Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were very different throughout the swing era. Hawkins and Young were two of the best tenor sax players that had emerged during the swing era. Considerably different, Hawkins played a huge dark sound, whereas Young’s was light and breathy. Some of the differences were as follows; Hawkins improvisations were based on his superior knowledge of harmony, Young’s were rooted in the blues, Hawkins played with a rhythmic approach that was always closely tied to the beat, and Young’s rhythmic conception was much looser, and often untied to the beat. Although they had many differences, they inspired sax players for years to come. 1. The arranging styles of Ellington and Basie are quite different when put next to each other to compare and contrast. In the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington the rhythm section of the band is very on point, and broad it is a stand out section and wants to make their point. They are very loud obnoxious and want to make you want to dance. For the â€Å"One O’clock Jump† by Count Basie the rhythm section is very low key and mellow, although very good and has a good beat, more of a song to have a mellow night to or to hangout and relax to. I prefer the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington, because I like to dance and it more fits my personality of a loud and obnoxious fun song.

Irony used by Chaucer Essay -- essays research papers

Irony is the general name given to literary techniques that involve surprising, interesting, or amusing contradictions. Two stories from Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales that serve as excellent demonstrations of irony are â€Å"The Pardoners Tale† and â€Å"The Nun's Priest's Tale.† Although these two stories are very different, they both use irony to teach a lesson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale, the Pardoner uses his story to speak out against many social problems, all of which he is guilty of. He preaches about drunkenness, while he is intoxicated while telling the story. Blasphemy and greed are other problems he speaks of. Ironically, he attempts to sell fake religious relics and is amazingly greedy. Yet there are also many ironic situations in the story itself. In the beginning of the story, the three rioters make a pact to â€Å"be brothers,† â€Å"to each defend the others,† and â€Å"to live and die for one another† in protection from death. In going out to fulfill their vows, they encounter money and end up killing each other over greed. After finding the money, the men plan to stay with it until it becomes dark when they can safely take it away. To tide themselves over until then, they send the youngest one out to get food and wine, and while he is away they plan to kill for his share of t he money. Ironically, the youngest one is planning the same thing by slipping poison into the drinks of his companions. When he returns, he is attacked and stabbed to death by the other...

Having My Ear Surgery

One of the times that I was most proud of was the time that I had my ear surgery done on December 19. I wanted ear surgery so I can hear better and because of the hole in my ear. Before surgery I was scared and worried that it will hurt so bad and painful. Right before surgery, they numbed my vein with liquid and put an intravenous needle in the numbed skin vein and they put me in the operating room. During surgery, I didn’t feel anything and the doctor started the surgery by making an incision on the ear and he put a patch on it. Next, he put more patches on the part close to my eardrum and then he found an old ear tube close to my eardrum and he removed it. After the surgery I went to the recovery room and stayed there for more than an hour and during that time I had some stuff to eat and then after that we went home. One day someone put hot sauce in a soda bottle and put it in the fridge. I came to take it out and then I started to take the bottle out. Then I started to drink from it and my tongue started to burn and I needed help from mom and I had to drink water to make the burning sensation to go away. The burning sensation went away then I had more hot sauce then the burning sensation came back. The smell was very odoriferous and spicy. The lesson that I learned was before eating or drinking anything you are supposed to check the contents of the container.

Puns in the Importance of Being Ernest

Wilde uses puns throughout this play, but the major pun is found within the title. In The Importance of Being Earnest, the pun, widely considered to be the lowest form of verbal wit, is rarely just a play on words. The title, -The Importance of Being Earnest,- insinuates the importance of being honest and truthful, while playing on the male name, Ernest. The pun in the title is a case in point. The earnest/Ernest joke strikes at the very heart of Victorian notions of respectability and duty. Gwendolen wants to marry a man called Ernest, and she doesn’t care whether the man actually possesses the qualities that comprise earnestness. She is, after all, quick to forgive Jack’s deception. In embodying a man who is initially neither â€Å"earnest† nor â€Å"Ernest,† and who, through forces beyond his control, subsequently becomes both â€Å"earnest† and â€Å"Ernest,† Jack is a walking, breathing paradox and a complex symbol of Victorian hypocrisy. -Earnest – means serious or non-frivolous. Many of the characters in the play spend their time trying to convince each other, and themselves, that they are high-minded people with strong morals and are admired in society. But Oscar Wilde presents them all in such a way that their interests and ethical ideas will seem ridiculous and trivial to most of the audience. -Ernest – is a man's name. Much of the action of the play turns on whether Jack Worthington's first name is Jack, or Ernest. Normally a man's first name is of no great importance in his life, but in the extremely silly world of this play – it is the most serious element of the plot. (Many people who know the play well never realise that we don't get a satisfactory answer to this crucial question). So the pun is that the title of the play appears to mean: The Importance of being a Serious Person; but when we watch the play we realise that the real title is: The Importance of having Ernest for a First name. ex: Algernon- You have always told me it was Ernest. I have introduced you to every one as Ernest. You answer to the name of Ernest. You look as if your name was Ernest. You are the most earnest-looking person I ever saw in my life. We can find puns on the names of the other characters in the play like in: -‘Miss Prism' – The name is a pun on ‘misprision', which has two definitions. The older is very dark, involving the concealment of official neglect, crime or possibly treason. The more modern meaning closely resembles the character's multiple misunderstandings. – Chasuble – The word chasuble is a vestment worn during services. This is, of course, appropriate given the nature of Chasuble’s profession. Chasuble’s name is also a pun because when said aloud can sound like chaseable. Regarding Miss Prism, he is in fact chase-able, which he had previously claimed he was not. Act I, scene 1, Algernon â€Å"Anyone can play (piano) accurately but I play with wonderful expression† – This is a good thumbnail of Wilde’s philosophy of art. Wilde was heavily influenced by Walter Pater and the other aesthetes of the Victorian age. They believed art should concern itself only with its aesthetic qualities that art should exist for art's sake alone. Therefore, art should not be a straightforward representation of reality–it should not be â€Å"accurate,† as Algernon would say–but rather it should be an extension of its creator's artistic styles. Hence, it should have â€Å"wonderful expression. Act I, scene 1, Algernon – â€Å"If the lower orders don't set us a good example, what on earth is the use of them? † – We have a humorous depiction of class tensions here, where Lane, the butler, is given his fair share of droll sayings, and even Algernon seems to recognize that the lower clas has more power than they seem to. Act I, scene 1 (Algernon to Jack) Algernon: â€Å"You don’t seem to realize that in married life; three is company and two is none. † And also in Act II, scene 1 (Lady Bracknell when she finds out about the proposal of Jack) L. Bracknell: â€Å"†¦An engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant, as the case may be. † Oscar is again poking fun here at the institution of marriage, a practice surrounded by hypocrisy and absurdity. Aristocracy does not see marriage as an organ of love but rather as a tool for achieving a sustaining social stature. Act I, scene 1, Puns are also used during the conversation between Algernon and Jack in town. To accuse Algernon a liar just like dentists who lies about cavities, Jack has said, -â€Å"My dear Algy, you talk exactly as if you were a dentist. It is very vulgar to talk like a dentist when one isn’t a dentist. It produces a false impression†. This is very funny because we can see that Jack is also lying about his brother, but he is judging Algernon as if he is a very honest person. Later, when Jack reveals all his truth about the name Ernest, Algernon responds by saying: Algernon: â€Å"What you really are is a Bunburyist. You are one of the most advanced Bunburyist I know. †¦ â€Å"Besides now that I know you to be a confirmed Bunburyist, I naturally want to talk to you about Bunburying. I want to tell you the rules. This is very funny, because Algernon is trying to be honest to Jack about advising him of an action that in fact is itself dishonest and false. The pun is when Algernon thinks that Jack deserves to be advised and learn the rules, since he turned out to be a real Bunburyist, even the most advanced one. This is very ridiculous! As if Jack was discovered to be a man with high principles or qualities. Act I, scene 1 Algernon: â€Å"You must be serious about it. I hate people who are not serious about meals. It is do shallow of them. † This is also very ridiculous. What we expect is Algernon asking Jack to be serious with Gwendolen, about their first 10-minute meeting at Algernon’s. Actually, what surprises and makes us laugh is that Algernon immediately asks Jack to be serious about the food. They care about trivial things. But every instance food is mentioned – from the Algernon’ opening discussion of wine with his servant, Lane, to the girls’ insult over tea and the guys’ climatic fight over muffins-is fraught with conflict. The fight over something as basic as food-something that every human being has a carnal need for (like Algernon’s wolfing down of the cucumber sandwiches to Lady Bracknell distress, Jack’s settling for bread and butter, Algernon’s consumption of Jack’s wine and muffins)- we suspect that the food fights are all puns for mocking their repressed sexual life expression and frustration in the face of unusually domineering women. Algernon. [Picking up empty plate in horror. ] Good heavens! Lane! Why are there no cucumber sandwiches? I ordered them specially. Lane. [Gravely. ] There were no cucumbers in the market this morning, sir. I went down twice. Algernon. No cucumbers! †¦Algernon. I am greatly distressed, Aunt Augusta, about there being no cucumbers, not even for ready money. Act I, scene 1 (Lady Bracknell to Algernon) Lady Bracknell: â€Å"Well, I must say Algernon that I think it is high time that Mr. Bunbury made up his mind whether he was going to live or to die. This shilly-shallying with the questions is absurd. Nor do I in any way approve of the modern sympathy with invalids. I consider it morbid†¦I should be much obliged if you would ask Mr. Bunbury from me to be kind enough not to have a relapse on Saturday for I rely on you to arrange my music frame†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It is difficult for Victorian people to understand an interest in something that is so far removed from their daily pleasure, nor to sympathy. Also at the end when they both kill off their imaginary alter egos or friends without much to-do, shows Victorian society’s real values. The Victorian era did not value honesty, responsibility, or compassion for the under-privileged (neither Lady Bracknell nor Algernon exhibit much pity for â€Å"Bunbury† when he â€Å"dies†), but only style, money and aristocracy. It is appropriate that the pun in the sentence when L. B is talking about â€Å"Bunury† death as an appointment to be simply fixed or arranged, and the nonexistent character of â€Å"Bunbury† itself show how shallow are the Victorians’ real concerns. Act I, scene 2 Lady Bracknell starts her conversation by showing to be a very concerned and affectionate mother who wants his expectations meet her requires. The first question she asks is about smoking. Smoking is a harmful, money-consuming habit that needs to be killed, while we find a pun when L. Bracknell turns to be in favor of this habit of Jack. Besides, she considers it as an important occupation or a man. Lady Bracknell: †¦Do you smoke? Jack: Well,yes,I must admit I smoke. Lady Bracknell: I am glad to hear it. A man should always have an occupation of some kind. We face up with many ironic situations during L. Bracknell’s discuss with Jack in act 1, scene 2, making fun to the false, empty ideals of Victorian society, mocking the so-called virtue qualities of the upper class that pretends to be high-educated. The puns are when L. B gives an appreciation of Jack’s being ignorant. She is pleased with Jack’s ignorance, and the most absurd is that she pays high tributes to ignorance by comparing it to a delicate exotic fruit. †¦ Lady Bracknell. A very good age to be married at. I have always been of opinion that a man who desires to get married should know either everything or nothing. Which do you know? Jack. [After some hesitation. ] I know nothing, Lady Bracknell. Lady Bracknell. I am pleased to hear it. I do not approve of anything that tampers with natural ignorance. Ignorance is like a delicate exotic fruit; touch it and the bloom is gone. The whole theory of modern education is radically unsound. Fortunately in England, at any rate, education produces no effect whatsoever. If it did, it would prove a serious danger to the upper classes, and probably lead to acts of violence in Grosvenor Square.

Life and Views of a Western Farmer essays

Life and Views of a Western Farmer essays After the Revolutionary War, the United States was in a state of economic chaos. Depression and inflation were prevalent as a result of the war. Established trading patterns were in disarray. The Congress had no power at this time under the Articles of Confederation. In the thirteen states, where power was centered, the separate currencies were in shambles. The United States was in need of a government with power and control because the Articles of Confederation were lacking many things and had left the government powerless. Life as a Western Farmer in the 1780s Life as a western Massachusetts farmer at this time was difficult to say the least. Farmers produced just enough from their land to support their families. If they were lucky and had a good year, there might be enough extra crops to sell or trade for goods. Farmers lived in the constant fear that they could lose their land and/or freedom to debt collectors. Unable to trade with foreign countries, the New England area merchants had to collect on loans made to farmers to make up for the lack of income from foreign trade. If the farmer could not pay the debt, his land could be taken to cover the debt (Szatmary 19). In many cases, farmers were imprisoned for failure to repay their debtors. To a farmer, owning land was a form of independence and freedom. Losing land meant losing freedom and independence to a farmer. This threat was leading to increased tension between the farming class and the commercial world. As more and more merchants began attempting to collect debts owed to them by farmers, tensions between the two were beginning to boil over. The merchants really had no choice but to try and collect debts for a source of income. The Articles of Confederation left the government without any power. Foreign trade could not be established without government power. Merchants could not trade with other countries on their own and, as a result, were losing ...

Sociology (Reaction paper 3) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sociology (Reaction paper 3) - Essay Example The right to free speech, the right to gather with one another to discuss thoughts and ideas, are among the many rights that individuals seek to have for themselves. While many are fortunate and achieve those very rights, some are not as lucky. From the beginning until the era of the feminist movement, the rights of women would pale in comparison to the men around them. Most notably, their ability to vote and also their presence within the work force. Not only the question as to whether or not they would work but also the consideration given, to what placement they would have within the corporate structure. The role of the United States should be as a leader for the cause. The very nation that would not only ensure the rights of its own citizenry but also, seek to ensure the rights of the millions of other people that live throughout the world. To show the other world leaders that, by maintaining a practice of human rights protection, it can only serve to benefit the success of the nation as a whole, rather than it being a hindrance. Thomas Jefferson, one of the most notable founding members of the United States, would speak eloquently about the notion of all men being created equal. With the ability to vote being given to women and later on during the 60s being given to African Americans, the level of credence to the idea of protecting basic human rights, would be placed on the forefront. Seeking to classify both women and African Americans not by gender and/or race but rather, seeing them for the human being that they are. Going below the surface and realizing that, in all reality, every human being remains just that at their core.. a human being. Each and everyone deserving of the same rights as others, no more and no less. To define prejudice, that would be the act of placing judgment upon a person, place and/or thing, without having any personal experience on the matter. Such as, hearing a negative story from another

Drag racing in Terre Haute Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Drag racing in Terre Haute - Assignment Example Nonetheless, I felt that we should have done more research before going to participate in the sport but we were too keyed up to be bothered. I hardly slept Thursday night as I anticipated the next day’s turn of events. Come Friday night and we were all geared up with our own street cars to take part in the race. Our excitement was however dialed down when we had to read the rules concerning the race. Any slight error could lead to disqualification. It was here where I learnt that drag racing was a type of motor vehicle racing where vehicles usually compete in sets of twos to cross a finish line that was set. The race followed a straight course that was short over a distance that was measured. Some of my friends were a bit disappointed with this information since they had hoped it would be a race like that of the world’s greatest drag race which involved more than ten vehicles at a time. Some even opted to be spectators in lieu of actual racing. I learnt that before a race began, each driver was given the permission to perform what was known as a burn out. This allowed the tires to heat in order to put down the tire’s rubber at the start of the track which helps improve traction. Both drivers then lined up at the starting point. I also learnt that the races were all started using an electronic system known as a Christmas tree. It consisted of six light columns for each driver. Three were amber, one blue, one green and a red one. They were all connected to beams of light on the race track. There was the blue light which was split into two halves. A vehicle’s front tires were what would break the light beam and would light up the blue light’s first half, staging the vehicle at the starting point which would then light up the blue light’s second half. Once there was this staged beam from the first competitor, the Christmas tree was automatically activated. The opponent then had less

Major Research Project on SAP Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Major Project on SAP - Research Paper Example Systems Applications Products audit was originally developed to provide customers with an ability to socialize and interact with a common database for complex and comprehensive range of applications. The applications have been assembled from the original idea of SAP to fit the modern world, hence most of the largest companies such as Microsoft use SAP products in their businesses (Temponi, 2010). SAP comprises of several modules such as marketing and sales, product design and development, human resources, finance and accounting, utilities for marketing and sales and production and inventory control. Having all these modules combined in one software of which to some extent can be modified to fit the business targets, SAP ERP software collects, combines, analyses and generates data from the separate entities as one collective report that can easily be read and understood. The single generated report enables organizations or companies to have definite planning and overall scheduling of tasks. In a white paper review (2009), SAP is viewed by a number of scholars as a software that can be altered to suit different businesses, requires a system of order in that duties are well defined to avoid crashing of modules and programs as well as ensuring that data coming into the SAP is clearly mapped to ensure high levels of integrity. Due to high usage of software-related programs in running of businesses, the use of SAP requires high levels of control to ascertain the reconciliation with external environment as well as controlling the flow of information to avoid bursting the sensitive accounts that might lead to breakdown of the whole system (Ades & Glaeser, 1995). Companies or organizations using SAP require that they have the development system, the test system and the production system. This forms a definite data flow to ensure that in

Effectiveness of United Nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Effectiveness of United Nations - Essay Example The effectiveness of United Nations in the War against Terror was pivotal as far the out breaking of a wider conflict is concerned, but its role as a free global organization was widely questioned because of American influence on the Security Council’s resolutions. Apart from the diplomatic pressures exercised on the member states to achieve unanimity of stance against an enemy quite vague and unknown until nine-eleven, the war against terror and al Qaeda was instigated at quite large scale. The Afghanistan was declared as the chief suspect of the al Qaeda and its leadership hideout and safe heaven. However, today after about ten years of all-out efforts to eliminate al Qaeda and terrorism, which are more often than not taken as synonyms, the war against terror could not meet a successful end. Thus, has raised several questions on the effectiveness of Security Council’s resolutions for the use of power in the region. This is what official US reports suggests, â€Å"By early 2011, senior leaders, including the Commander of NATO’s International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), General David Petraeus, were pointing to discrete progress on the ground, though noting that such progress was still â€Å"fragile and reversible†.The war against terror despite its enormous support from member states in the Security Council has challenged the effectiveness of UN to avoid such a prolonged war. The worst side of this crisis is the absence of a declared result and measureable success in terms of international peace, security and stability.  ... United Nations has tackled raging and roaring national sentiments and channelized them to achieve the objectives of global peace and security to some extend if not to a desirable level. The effectiveness of United Nations in the War against Terror was pivotal as far the out breaking of a wider conflict is concerned, but its role as a free global organization was widely questioned because of American influence on the Security Council’s resolutions. Apart from the diplomatic pressures exercised on the member states to achieve unanimity of stance against an enemy quite vague and unknown until nine-eleven, the war against terror and al Qaeda was instigated at quite large scale. The Afghanistan was declared as the chief suspect of the al Qaeda and its leadership hideout and safe heaven. However, today after about ten years of all-out efforts to eliminate al Qaeda and terrorism, which are more often than not taken as synonyms, the war against terror could not meet a successful end. Thus, has raised several questions on the effectiveness of Security Council’s resolutions for the use of power in the region. This is what official US reports suggests, â€Å"By early 2011, senior leaders, including the Commander of NATO’s International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), General David Petraeus, were pointing to discrete progress on the ground, though noting that such progress was still â€Å"fragile and reversible†.† (Dale, 2011). The war against terror despite its enormous support from member states in the Security Council has challenged the effectiveness of UN to avoid such a prolonged war. The worst side of this crisis is the absence of a declared result and measureable success in terms of international peace, security and stability. The proclaimed

Two Recent Technological Advances In Endoscopy Nursing Essay

Two Recent Technological Advances In Endoscopy Nursing Essay I am currently working at a day case endoscopy unit, the two advances in endoscopy procedures I will be looking at are, scope guide and minimal sedation. I will be assessing patients at the day case endoscopy unit I currently work at by participating in procedures which use scope guide and minimal sedation. During this period, I will be emphasising at the improvements in the care and safety of patients, to see how these have improved quality of patient care and diagnose problems at ease. Endoscopist, Nurses and Surgeon depend largely on advancement in technology for delivering enhanced patient care and ability to diagnose problems at ease. The application of computer-assisted image guidance technology to the Endoscopic surgical procedures allow creation of new methods to address the challenges by providing the needed 3-D imager that ultimately improves accuracy, efficiency and safety during procedures. (Daniel L Farkas et al 2008). Scope guide 3-D imager, is a non contact form which uses a low intensity magnetic field to display a real time 3 dimension view of the position and orientation of the colon scope with the abdominal cavity by means of detromagnetic transmission coils built into the colonoscope insertion tube. 3 D imager that ultimately improves accuracy, efficiency and safety during procedures (Daniel L. Farkas et al 2008). The scope guide 3 D imager assist in identification of the correct combination of manoeuvres necessary to straighten out the loops o nce formed Olympus 2008. A consultant Endoscopist London UK commented about scope Guide 3 D imager when we started to develop the electromagnetic imaging technology for scope guide. I envisioned a system that would allow colonoscopist to feel as comfortable as a tourist driving through the most unpredictable city with the assistance of a safety navigation system he commented today scope guide does just that i.e. improving colonoscopy by providing a real time 3 dimensional display of colonoscope position and configuration, the endoscopist no longer need to rely on guess and feel to determine the orientation of an inserted scope, scope guide will change the why you see colonoscopy, 3 D imager is an essential part of quality colonoscopy. 3 D imager is able to show shape both from lateral and anterior view direction simultaneously in split screen mode. The use of this scope guide eliminates the hazard of radiation for patients, doctors, this makes the 3 D imager ideal for daily clinical usage and for training purpose. (Yamamate (2008) and Koichin et al, (2008) both stated that is pain free colonoscopy possible? The greatest advantage of this new technology is that when using insufflators air is an enemy. The 3 D imager gives easy visualization and manoeuvres and to orientate the scope along the colon. Easily it avon loops and whenever loops occurs straightening it on and takes less time unlike long time procedures. 3 D imager couple with EVIS EXERA 11 260 series system delivers images in high definition. There are certain scopes that can be used with the 3 D imager which deliver image on the scope guide monitor in three dimensional, which make it possible for the patient watches it on the screen. No sedation sometimes or individual sedation given, patient tolerate the procedure well with aid of the scope guide makes the procedure quicker, safer and comfortable for most patients. The use of this 3 D imager is done by attaching the cord from the guide monitor to the scope, which transmits a current to the scope and shows on the 3 D imager monitor showing where the scope is, if there are loops in the colon, and serves as a guide to the endoscopist. 3 D imager is safe and effective equipment for treatment of making colonoscopy less painful especially in patients with long colon or loopy colon, whereas procedures are abandoned most times when patients cannot tolerate it because its very painful and far fear of perforation. Some of the producing real time 3D imager is that it is capable of producing real time 3D image display of position and orientation of the colonoscopy. The endoscopist no longer needs to rely on guess work or fluoroscopy to determine the configuration of an inserted scope. The Scope Guide 3-D imager uses a low intensity magnetic field to display a real time 3-dimension view of the position and orientation of the colon scope with the abdominal cavity by means of electromagnetic transmission coils built into the colonoscope insertion tube. The scope guide assist the endoscopist in the identification of the correct combination of manoeuvres necessary to straighten out the loops once formed (Olympus, 2008) It shows the correct ways to manoeuvres and straightens complex looping. It is completely safe for daily usage due to the electromagnetic transmission coils within the scope creates a low intensity magnetic field. It generally reduces pain during colonoscopy which enhance advance total cave of patient in today endoscopy procedures. It helps in giving quality care throughout the procedure for the patient, endoscopist and nurses, it eliminates the hazard of radiation from X-ray during colonoscopy, but with the 3 D imager scope guide, X-ray is no longer required. It helps to reduces time during procedure by making complicated procedure easy, hence less lengthy procedure, it helps their ability in pain management of their painful. The scope guide can be dangerous if the cords are not well attached to the scope, which could give a false picture. The nurse plays an important role in the care of the patient before during and after 3 D imager scope guide is used. In my unit all the advantage of scope guide demonstrated at Solna conference for all endoscopists in UK and Ireland can be seen practically every day since the colonoscopist started using the equipment. We have three procedure rooms running and the unit is having only one Scope Guide 3-D Imager. It is now a competitions between the endoscopist, as to who will use the equipment even when the procedure is not too difficult as some might claim but because it give them easy visualisation and manoeuvres and to orientate the scope along the colon. Easily they can avoid loops and whenever loop occurs straightening it on was very easy and takes less time unlike before when we do not have the equipment. All the noise and shout of pains by the patient during colonoscopy procedures has drastically reduced since the introduction of the equipment in the unit, and nurses job in the procedure room has become less stressful unlike before. When a patient requires the use of 3 D imager scope guide due to post hysterotory operation or very difficult previous colonoscopy because of looping, we care for them in the following way. Initially the patient is admitted for an outpatient procedure and checked in, consented, during consenting the doctor will explain to the patient for the need of using the 3 D imager what difficulties involved in manoeuvring the scope and patient during the use of it, repositioning of the patient to get a good view and to minimise the looping if that why, hence the patient will sign the consent form (nursing and midwifery council 2008), British Society of Gastroenterology 1991, 2008) (BSG guidelines) sedation is given via intravenous (IV) route and if to give any emergency injection if need be. A nasal catheter sponge is also attached to the patient for oxygen administration. The patient is given blue knickers for privacy and because of repositioning to prevent unnecessary exposure of patient (privacy and dignity). The patient is firstly positioned on the left lateral with knees bent towards the chest, meanwhile monitory if the oxygen saturation, pulse and blood pressure are checked throughout the procedure. The patient is talked through the procedures, informing the patient when to expect more pain when negotiating the flexures of the colon. The monitor of the scope guide cord is then attached to the scope to be used, and right setting done which brings on the light on monitor of the scope guide. Sedation and if possible muscle relencant i.e. antispasmodic or analgesic is administered through the intravenous route, everyone i.e. the doctor and nurses in the room will wear an apron, gloves and goggles (Health and Safety Executive 1992). The Endoscopist will reconfirm from the nurse whether the constant the procedure, the scope guide must be checked and the cotside on the left hand side is let down and the flexible plate is placed near the patients stomach and to be sure no damage and plate well placed prior to start of procedure. The big movable plate should be put in right position and not on the chest or let (Aorn 2004). During the procedure the scope guide setting is changed as the patient is repositioned which should be visually seen on the monitor to give a right direction of the scope in the colon and monitored. The procedure time, the patient is observed and monitored for abdominal pain and possible sweating or vasovagal reactions. The pain level of the patient is assessed which will determine whether to top up the sedation , pain reliever or antispasmodic injections by the endoscopist, through the nurse in there is there as the patients advocate, the cardiac arrest trolley with the defibrillator should be ac cessible within easy reach (BSG 2003). Post care of the patient should be monitored for severe abdominal pain caused by 3 D imager (Malick 2006). The patient will be wheeled on the trolley to the recovery ward and continuous monitory of the observations and vital signs for any of the complication must be recorded and documented. During the consenting time, the patient must have been provided with verbal and written instructions emphasising on observations for severe pain and bleeding (in case of perforation), if any unexpected symptoms arise, they should go to accident and emergency immediately (Norton et al 2008). In the endoscopy unit where I work, 3 D imager scope guide was implemented late last year, through its a new technology its own. This initially course some problems because some of the medical team I work with, some will say leave the cortside up, some say let it down because of the insufficient training on the use of the imager. Even on repositioning the patient, some medical team do not know where the arrow on the monitor should be which will affect the image. In treating conditions or scoping patients who has had hysterectomy or with lots of looping in the colon, I have observed the differentiation between when the scope guide is used and when not. The colonoscopist find it much comfortable for the patient and each visualisation and manoeuvres, loops avoided easily and easily straightening, loops if it occurs, the scope guide used may delivers images in high definition. The scope guide has gradually wins the heart of most Endoscopists in my unit for less lengthy time on one procedure. The use of the scope guide there is no need of colonoscopy procedure under X-ray i.e. between barium Enemy or CT scan this eliminates the hazard of radiation for patients. My unit is regards as one of the best bowel cancer screening unit due to the use of scope guide 3 D imager. The procedure is quick, safer, painless and comfortable for most patients, this has really encouraged patient to come for the screening process at my unit. 2nd assignment Minimal sedation is given according to patients preferences in procedures (BSG 2008) such as gastroscopy, brochoscopy flexible sigmodoscopy, colonoscopy, stent insertion to my unit, minimal sedation is mandatory for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograph patients (ERCP). Minimal sedation is a method of sedation which was formally known as conscious sedation. In this case, its a technique in which no pain relievers are used therefore making patient to be awake an aware during unpleasant procedure without too much discomfort experience for successful endoscopy, general anaesthesia and minimal sedation used, but minimal sedation is much a safer method to control pain and anxiety during procedures (Rex 2006). In my unit, minimal sedation is used for most procedures done i.e. both lower and upper gastro intestinal endoscopies, formally in my workplace 6 8 mg midazolam was used which is no more used. The report of the rapid response (2008) the maximum dose of midazolam is 5mg which is now the most recent practice in my unit. Minimal sedation has been used and accepted because it does not require an anaesthetist, which is more economical this technique is very useful for endoscopist in providing a better examination which improves patients comfort and amnesic effect (Regula and Sokol-Kobielska 2008). The drug of choice because of its rapid onset, short duration of action is Midazolam, it provide an amnesic effort and help to relax the patient (Norton et al 2008). The most common benzodiazepines are diazepam and midazolam, majority of Endoscopist prefer to use midazolam because of it fast onset of action and high amnesic effect (National Guidelines Clearing House 2003). During procedures the group called benzo diazepams are used either alone or in combination with an opiate e.g. pethidine or fentanyl, when it is been used alone the occurrence of respiratory complication with either midazolam or fentanyl is fairly low. Contrary, the implications increases when both drugs are given in combination.

Movie: Whats Eating Gilbert Grape Essay -- essays research papers

Movie: What's Eating Gilbert Grape "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", as directed by Lasse Hallstrom, is a comedy, drama, romance, all wrapped up into one grand movie. Leonardo DiCaprio plays a mentally impaired boy with a caring brother, who always took care of his brother until the love of his life came to town, proposing the essential question: What is a boy willing to sacrifice in order to be with the one he loves? Johnny Deep plays Gilbert Grape whose father left when he was little, causing his mother to become depressed and never leave the house again. Gilbert referees to her as a â€Å"beached whale† because she has gained so much weight. One afternoon a silver camper had engine trouble, forcing them to stay in town for a few weeks until it is fixed...

Electoral College System Essay

The President and the Vice President of the United States are elected indirectly by an institution known as the Electoral College. The U. S. Constitution provides the broad framework through which electors are appointed and by which they cast votes for the President and Vice President. In evaluating the contingent election process, some commentators have suggested that any threshold inquiry requires assessing how often contingent election occurs. If the results of a general election are frequently inconclusive, they increase the likelihood of contingent election. The democratic criteria require implementing reforms that bring the people into the contingency process. Critics of the Electoral College system argue that the presence of viable and well-funded third-party or independent presidential candidates, who may be able to garner electoral votes by carrying a plurality of the votes in statewide elections, increases the likelihood of contingent election. Analysis of criticism of the Electoral College system There are several shortcomings of the Electoral College as cited by the proponents of the presidential election reform. These shortcomings have raised justifications for reform or abolition of the current system. One of the criticism is on the Electoral College is the Electoral College deadlock of the contingent election. In this one, the 12th amendment provide that the House of Representatives should choose a president and the senate chooses the vice president by contingent election if the presidential and the vice presidential candidates votes have not reached a simple majority of the Electoral College votes. The election of the president by the House of Representatives happened only once on the February 9th, 1825 where John Quincy Adams was elected as President over Andrew Jackson. This election was criticized by some commentators saying that it brought about a constitutional crisis since the president was selected as part of a political corrupt bargain because some of the presidential candidates were disqualified from the contingent election. Critics claim that this election removes the choice of president and vice president voters (Whitaker & Neale, 2004). Another criticism is on the minority president which was expressed in the Electoral College misfire. In this one, the current electoral college system can result in the election of a minority president which states that the president can be one who wins the majority of the electoral votes even though he has lost the popular votes. This was experienced in the 1800s where three minority presidents namely, John Quincy Adams in 1824, Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876, and Benjamin Harrison in1888. The other criticisms are on the current methods of allocating electoral votes, the decennial census problem, and the faithless elector, presidential succession between nomination and inauguration, independent and the third party versus major party candidates. These criticisms have caused so many controversies that have made many people believe that the current Electoral College system is not a good system and therefore it needs amendment (Whitaker & Neale, 2004). Advantages of various reform proposals. The electoral college reform proposals include (1)the district plan, awarding each state two at large electoral votes to the state-wide popular vote winners, and one electoral vote to the winning candidate in each congressional district; (2) the proportional plan, awarding electoral votes in states in direct proportion to the popular vote gained in the state by each candidate; and (3) the automatic plan, awarding each state’s electoral votes directly on a winner-take- all basis to the statewide vote winners (Amar, 1995). The advantages to the electoral-vote system include its tendency to produce a clear winner. The constitution is however subject to change, allowing for the second vote in case of depressed voter turnout. Great leverage is also given to third party candidates by requiring the winner to have a majority and by this it calls for fair and just elections. A National Election Agency is incorporated in the system to run the vote. However, the government also comes in to help, where the National Election Agency has fewer powers under the government (Amar, 1995). Despite the fact that the president alone is elected by the people, doesn’t mean he can legitimately defy the law. It is good to know that the elections are fair in that a presidential candidate who stands in his campaign and wins with a substantial majority of votes from the American people does of course gain the mandate. The candidate who emerges with the most electoral votes has a fully legitimate claim to the office for the next four years (Amar, 1995). Disadvantages of various reform proposals. In the U. S there is a rule that, a candidate chosen on the Election Day may not be the president. Therefore if it happens that a candidate has failed to win the national popular vote, he might be sworn in as the president by the virtue of claiming more electoral votes on than his opponents. Therefore the main disadvantage of such kind of proposal, is that if the sitting president who lost in the popular vote is returned again to power after his rejection, then there will be a wide condemnation on the Electoral college as a wacky anachronism which will lead to extensive demands for the amendments of the constitution in order for the replacement of the electoral vote with popular election (Longley, 2008). Due to this kind of proposals, there is a possibility of not telling the exact winner since the constitution is the main source of authenticity. The main disadvantage here is that there might be a possibility of both candidates having different fundamental campaigns which give different issues of emphasis and making frequent appearances in different states. Another disadvantage for this proposal is the argument on which candidate to take office and who was chosen by an archaic and wholly irrational system. If the electoral system is replaced, by the popular vote election, since it is not irrational there is a possibility of embarrassment on the president opting to be chosen by this process (Dellinger, 2004). Another greatest disadvantage of the present system of voting in U. S is that there is a possibility that the candidate who receives the most votes from the nation (people) may not take office. Therefore the present president in office may face many challenges and offsetting values since he or she was not put in by the majority. The disadvantage of the constitutional system for choosing a president in the U. S is not perfect and needs to be changed and therefore the candidate who emerges with most electoral votes has full justified claim to the office for four years (Dellinger, 2004). Conclusion It is clear that once the candidate chosen by the people of the United States on the Election Day may not become president. The candidate must choose the constitutional rules currently in place. In the voting parties, the party that receives more total votes nationally wins the parliament while the one with fewer total votes chooses the Nation’s prime minister. The constitution however, is subject to change (Longley & Dana, 1992). Amending the Constitution to alter it would present a series of difficult questions: Will we give great leverage to third party candidates by requiring the winner to have a majority? Will we have a runoff, which might lead to depressed turnout for the second vote? Will we create a National Election Agency to run the vote and or leave it with the 51 governments who now run it? If those states report raw votes, will they somehow artificially increase the number of voters in the state or pad the totals—a temptation now avoided by having a set number of electoral votes for each state? These are not insurmountable objections to constitutional change, but they should certainly give pause (Longley & Dana, 1992). References Amar, A. R. (1995). Presidents, Vice Presidents, and Death: Closing the Constitution’s Succession Gap Dellinger, W. (2004). Popularity contest in defense of the Electoral College, Washington Post.Newsweek Interactive Co. LLC. Retrieved October 26th, 2008, from http://www. slate. com/id/2108991/ Longley R. (2008). The Electoral College System, who really elects the president of the united states, About . com Longley, L. D. & Dana, J. D. , Jr. (1992). The Biases of the Electoral College in the 1990s Whitaker, L. P. & Neale, T. H. (2004, November 5). The Electoral College: An Overview and Analysis of Reform Proposals. CRS Report for Congress. Retrieved October 26th, 2008, from http://italy. usembassy. gov/pdf/other/RL30804. pdf.