Musical Influence on Drug Abuse

Musical Influence on Substance Abuse English 1302 Professor Young Sex, drugs and rock n’ roll. This commonly used phrase sums it up pretty well. It seems as though anytime I hear anything about a rock band, especially from the 1970’s or 1980’s there is some sort of drug abuse somewhere along the line with at least one or more of the band members, and this will usually result in the break up of the band or the death of a member.Well I started getting sick of rock music getting a bad wrap when it comes to drugs and heavy drinking, so I want to know, does the music preference or type of music a band or person play have a direct link to the type of drug they prefer to use? Did that music cause the individual to use these certain drugs, or are people that already use these substances drawn to a certain type of music? There are any questions to be asked when looking at the different music genres and the people involved with its drug of choice.Is crack and cocaine a pro blem in the ghetto’s because of rap music, or are these drugs in rap music because they were already prevalent in the ghetto’s? Do people take hallucinogenic drugs because it enhances the repetitive music they listen to, or are people getting into these type of drugs and then being drawn to that type of music because it intensifies the feeling of the drug. There are many questions that need to be asked and answered when it comes to musical preference and drug preference.Some studies have been done, but I have yet to find anything conclusive, mostly just statistics about where people are going that do these drugs, not what they are listening to. I am to dig deeper into this issue and find out if there is something more than just the type of music or type of person. I feel as though some drugs are around certain types of music and people for a reason. Whether it is to intensify the listening pleasure of that individual, or if it has nothing to do with the music at all an d it is just the individual’s preference.I for one believe there is some sort of relationship between the two, I just don’t know what that is, yet. Rap music is one of the newest genres of music, but even rap has evolved to involve drug references in almost all of the most popular songs. A study done for addiction research and theory about changes in drug use being prevalent in rap songs showed that drugs were mentioned in 63% of rap songs, versus only about 10% of songs in other music genres.Rap music saw a large influx in the use of lyrics about drugs starting in the early 1990’s with marijuana being the most frequented drug mentioned. Some could argue that the crack cocaine epidemic that started in the ghetto’s in the early 1990’s had a big influence in this, but then why is marijuana the most mentioned? My outtake on this is that people started using harder and harder drugs, making marijuana less taboo as the years went on, so now it is just se cond nature to talk about marijuana, it’s not as bad as it was once thought to be.One example this article discussed was that rap artist Dr. Dre once said in a song â€Å"I don’t smoke weed or sinse, ‘cause it only gives a brother brain damage, and brain damage on the mike don’t manage. † Then, one of his very next album was named â€Å"The Chronic,† and hit triple platinum. Ironic? Maybe a bit, but was he doing this purely to sell records, or was marijuana something Dr. Dre enjoyed and wanted to pay it tribute? I am going with the latter explanation. Seeing as how he has had many more songs since the release of that album glorifying the use of marijuana.Next I wanted to take a look at the hard drugs and heavy drinking associated with the rock n’ roll lifestyle. If you take a look back at any great or largely influential band there is almost always traces of drug use and drinking. This has even proved to be the reason many of these ban ds do not still exist in today’s world. Try to find a picture of Slash, a guitarist for Guns n Roses, from the 1980’s, without him carrying around a bottle of Jack Daniels, it is nearly impossible. Most every rock n’ roll band from the 1980’s has a history of hard drug use and very heavy drinking.Because of the rock music? Or is it that these artist have always enjoyed hard drugs and drinking, but now that they are in a successful rock band they can afford more of it. Did the entertainment industry ruin these artist by turning them into drug addicts and alcoholics? In all my readings it seems to point in one direction, and that is usually these people have always had issues with drug use or alcohol, but now, with little to worry about and more money pouring in than they know what to do with, combined with the rowd they are now associating themselves with, they let these substances take over their life, and before they know it, the situation is no longer c ontrollable. The sad fact is that rock music is fast paced, fueled by drugs that keep people on the go and booze, because who doesn’t like a good stiff drink every once and a while. Rock n’ roll music has that â€Å"screw everything, lets have fun† mentality, when you mix that with a group of people that has a common interest in drugs or alcohol things tend to get a little out of hand.Binge drinking, cocaine and heroin are the most common issues with substances that I have found about the rock n’ roll crowd. When people drink, especially in large amounts, inhibitions become lost, that coupled with the screw it attitude of rock music may help push someone to do those harder drugs that they would not normally do. From everything I’ve read, it seems as though rock music doesn’t cause people to do these things, but rather helps fuel these individuals decision to party harder and go further with their drug use.Once alcohol, fast paced music and t he right crowd of people are thrown into the mix, it is relatively easy to see how someone could fall victim to drug abuse and make poor decisions. One of the other types of music genres I wanted to take a look at was all the repetitive music out there, including, techno, dubstep, trance and house. I have known many people throughout the last few years that enjoy these types of music, some of them drug users, some of them not.I have noticed that these people didn’t really have a drug of choice but rather did a little of everything, except for the hardcore fans. The people that go to big dance music parties or raves seem to like their hallucinogens more than any other drug. Where did this start though? This type of music is still relatively new in the grand scheme of things, so that tells me that maybe the music didn’t cause people to start using these drugs, but rather people that enjoyed using these types of drugs flocked to the repetitive music because of the way the drug enhanced it.Now, I know that most of the hallucinogenic drugs gained their popularity with the rock music of the 1960’s and 1970’s, but when did it switch from rock music to techno or the repetitive music genres? Did it switch because the rock stars of the 1980’s preferred the harder drugs like heroin? In every article and book that I looked in, it seems to me that alcohol is responsible for this change. Once rock stars started with the heavy drinking the hallucinogens were pretty much taken off the table, from what everyone has told me, alcohol and hallucinogens just do not mix well.So what is a person looking for a good time left to do? Go back to smoking marijuana, and that be it? Nope, it was time to move on to harder drugs and let the hallucinogens stay back with a different crowd. I know lsd and other hallucinogenics were around long before the popularization of repetitive music, so I can not put the blame on the music here, for this type of genre I believe that it is the drug that is responsible for the music. People are always looking for a way to intensify feelings, to go further than they did the last time they took a pill or snorted something.The way for this to happen was to look at the sense of sound, and use it to further the feeling of an acid trip. The use of repetitive beats, sounds and noises puts the drug user in a state of mind where nothing can bother them, it allows the drug to completely take over, thus intensifying the trip. After taking a look at many different music genres, these three seemed to be the most obvious ones that use drugs and or alcohol either in lyrics or as a way for the artist or listener to escape reality, if only briefly.Rap music did not become popular because of the crack cocaine problem in the ghetto’s, but one could easily argue that rap music helped crack become a nation wide epidemic because of the glorification in a lot of rap songs. Alcohol, cocaine, and heroin did not create rock n’ roll, sure it may have made it more interesting, but at the same time, it has ruined many artist’s lives that could have gone on to do great things for the music industry.Not everyone that attends a rave or a techno party is doing acid or ecstasy, but that music genre as a whole would not be in existence would it not have been for these drugs. While I don’t think music alone causes people to ruin their lives with drugs and alcohol, there is definitely a link between music and drug use. Whether it’s the type of drug, or how much of the drug that person prefers doesn’t matter, through all my readings one thing is certain, drugs and music have a past together and will have a future.

Radical Reconstruction

I think that the whole reconstruction era went Just the way it was supposed to. Just to think that something so small of a change could have rewritten history for bad or for good. I think that if Lincoln could have carried out his plan then we would live in a completely different world then what we do today. I we have had enforced the laws as hard as we could have then the south could might as well of risen back up for another war. And what if we lost this time?We could might as well be living in a country with segregation and or a communist country if Marshall law was declared. Which means that all industries would be owned by the government. Another scenario would be that we had a country divided into two halves like Korea with slaves crossing the borders to be on the north side to be free to pursue a live of there own. With the idea of Radical Reconstruction was to change the ideas and culture of he south to adapt to the north ideas and ways of living.A main reason we were not as successful at the reconstruction was because of the constant disagreeing of the branches in our government at the time, which even in the present day and time this still happens way to much. For example when we could agree on a budget In 2013 and the government had to be shut down for almost 2 weeks before anything happened which was really Just a ploy to get rid of beamer.

Characteristics And Traits Of Good Entrepreneurs

Characteristics And Traits Of Good Entrepreneurs This report discusses about the well known entrepreneurs and their traits and characteristics. Entrepreneur can be defined as â€Å"one who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and greater yield† (Lambing P, et., al., 1997). Entrepreneurs are people who own, operate and take the risk of a business venture. Entrepreneurs identify the needs of the marketplace and they will supply service or product to meet those needs. They assume risk in their business. Entrepreneurship is the process of running a business of one’s own (Bolton B, et., al., 2004). True entrepreneurs try to innovate and they cannot stop being as an entrepreneur. Persistent, creative, responsible, inquisitive, goal oriented, independent, self confident, risk taking are few characteristics of entrepreneurs. History of Richard Branson: Richard Branson is a famous British entrepreneur and CEO of Virgin groups who was born in 1950. He was educated at Stowe s chool where he set up student magazine at the age of 16. In 1970 he founded virgin as a mail order retailer, soon he opened a record store and this was his major success in entrepreneurial life. In 1977 he signed many contracts to help virgin Music to become the top six record companies in the world. With now more than 150 companies in 30 countries around the world virgin expanded into travel, tourism, mobile and so. In Feb 2007 virgin group announced their virgin earth challenge project which will remove atmospheric greenhouse gases (Cord J, 2008). Characteristics and traits of Richard Branson: Richard Branson is good leader where his leadership principle is based on the needs of treating other people with great respect. He is spending one-third of his time in trouble shooting and one-third on promoting new products and the rest on promoting and marketing his business (Cord J, 2008). He hires the bright people to motivate them and makes them delegates in his venture, where his dele gates are the responsible persons on the daily operations of the company. Branson is having the ability of when to back away from his new task. He says everyone must know the art of delegation to run a business and he should have a strong responsibility. Richard has the quality of helping people to run individual businesses so that the company can run without him (http://www.virgin.com/). Richard Branson motivates his employees and satisfies them by treating them as important team players and it is the crucial success for virgin Empires. He has effective man-management power and clearly strong. He is very enthusiastic and he has people who see it as their job to rein in. He is taking good decisions at crucial stages where he will broke his business in two sectors if it grows to a certain size. He feels that small firms run well and this is one of the major reasons as he manages to be a little guy in various tussles. Branson is very ambitious guy having many lists to do and he is man aged to get the biggest ideas of it. He is risk taker and had enormous energy in achieving it. He is living his life to fullest with passion. He believes in making difference where he delivers the service through employees to improve the customers experience by innovation. He has the flexibility of changing to the business environment (http://www.virgin.com/).

Managing Human Resources (assign to Writer# 4592 or 3665) Essay

Managing Human Resources (assign to Writer# 4592 or 3665) - Essay Example ss has been suggested for National Lewis and Clark Corporation (NL&C) in consultation with different department heads, which can be consistent among all departments and which will drive company performance. The first requirement is to have a carefully structured system of appraisal where individuals do not judge the work performance of others. Different department heads should maintain record and describe in clear, concrete, objective language what occurred--who, what, where, when, and how rather than stating interpretations (Foster). Feelings expressed increases the responsibilities of the HR directors who have to review and correct the evaluations. It can also create motivational, ethical, and legal problems (ANA, 2006). Periodic interviews based on performance documentation would help to examine and discuss the performance while identifying strengths and weakness as well as oppurtunities for improvement and development. Appraisals should not be linked to rewards because this encourages biased appraisals. It also holds back an employee from discussing his weaknesses. To bring uniformity in appraisals, rating scales should be used where each employee is appraised on the same criteria and which allows ratings to be easily compared and contrasted. The rating-scale traits should be standardized so that they are relevant to all departments. It should not contain any traits that are specific to one department. A specific time should be allotted to give ratings so that department heads do not give false ratings under time constraints and other work pressure. They should be made to take the appraisals as a project so that justice is done to the employee. They should be encouraged to give an objective description and if necessary we can train the department heads to write the performance documentation. Human beings have a tendency to see what they want to see in a person and this cannot be eliminated but can be reduced to a great extent. Management by Objectives

Security...See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Security...See below - Essay Example All laptops, cell phones, tablets, and gadget should be checked to mitigate this risk. Another element that is crucial to understand is collaboration with authorities. Airport personal must conduct a due diligence of collaboration with all authorities. They must create a network and collaboration in which all agencies work together to combat terrorism. This is crucial towards fighting domestic threats that are risky to this country. Moreover, a stricter immigration policy along with a solid criminal justice system here in America it would have to include making tighter rules on those applying for visa’s and green cards.   A focal point that all personnel must understand that authentication of identity is also extremely crucial. These background checks are absolutely necessary for traveling and other admin related tasks. A great enhancement in this realm is face recognition software, which can detect criminals when entering airports or even local municipalities. The new policy will ensure that all offenses including prior crimes such as identity theft, fraudulent documents creation, biological threat, and etc. Special issue: Intelligence, governance and the interagency. (n.d.). Special issue: Intelligence, governance and the interagency. Retrieved May 26, 2014, from

Inclusion in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inclusion in Education - Essay Example This was replaced by a revised version which was issued in 2001, coming into effect in January 2002 (DFES 2001). The nature of provision for special educational needs has changed drastically over the last few years following the Warnock Report and the 1981 Education Act, with an increased awareness of educational needs and a consonant focus on improving the quality of provision for much larger numbers of children (Griffiths, 1998, 95 in Quicke, 2007, 2-15). This implies improvement of education of all and specially of those with special needs that would impart knowledge and power to all (QCA/DfEE, 2001). Department of Health has recently published a White Paper for people with learning disabilities in 2001 (Department of Health, 2001, 1-10). The United Kingdom has separate educational systems for England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. As far as education is concerned, the countries are split up into so-called local education authorities that carry a large part of the responsibility for organising education at local level. Historically, for a long time, England and Wales had separate systems for regular and special education. Since the Warnock Report in 1978, it has been assumed in the UK that about 20 per cent of school-aged children will have special educational needs requiring additional help at some point in their school careers. Furthermore, approximately 2 per cent of children will have severe physical, sensory, intellectual or emotional difficulties, some of which will remain with them throughout their lives. Historically this 2 per cent of children have been exclud ed from mainstream schools, receiving their education in special schools instead. In recent years, a growing sense of injustice regarding the idea of segregated special schooling for these pupils has led to calls for more inclusive educational opportunities as a matter of human right and equal opportunity (Amatea, 1988, 174-183). By the Education Acts 1981 and 1993, which latter consolidated into the Education Act 1996, the policy of parental choice in the field of special educational needs has in most respects been merely built on key recommendations in the Warnock Report in 1978, namely that the education system should pay heed to parental knowledge about their child's needs and respect parental wishes regarding the child's education (Farrell, 2001, 3-9). Warnock's other recommendation was to integrate the education, meaning pupils with special educational needs should, as far as possible, be educated alongside other children in mainstream schools (Lewis, 2004, 3-9). In relation to this, this process must acknowledge the diversity of needs of all students creating opportunity to support learning of all students inclusive of those who have impairments or needs for special educations. While the White Paper was explicitly a response of the authorities from the concerns to promote better life chances for people with special needs for education, it identifies the many barriers that such children and their families face in fully participating in their communities. This paper promotes the benefits to be obtained by these children through educational opportunities, good health, and social care while living with their families. It was evident later that constructive and sustainable relationships between pupils with speci

Individuals That Did Not Pull the Trigger Article

Individuals That Did Not Pull the Trigger - Article Example Four suspects have been accused of the murder of Max Gadau; a seventeen year old son to Atricia Gadau. Dzevad Avdic who is the fourth suspect planned for robbery. He did not have the intention to shoot or kill anyone in the scene. The initial cause of the murder was the stealing of marijuana. This means that the fourth suspect initialized events that led to the murder of Max. The suspect is guilty of murder. Another suspect is Ly, he aided in the identification of an easy target. He identified the girl as a weak point and suggested that she would corporate at gunpoint. He appeared on the scene of the murder making him guilty of murder. Ly’s case is a conspiracy issue only that he appeared in the murder scene. Had the girl corporated as expected by Ly, none of the shooting would occur.  Four suspects have been accused of the murder of Max Gadau; a seventeen year old son to Atricia Gadau. Dzevad Avdic who is the fourth suspect planned for robbery. He did not have the intention to shoot or kill anyone in the scene. The initial cause of the murder was the stealing of marijuana. This means that the fourth suspect initialized events that led to the murder of Max. The suspect is guilty of murder. Another suspect is Ly, he aided in the identification of an easy target. He identified the girl as a weak point and suggested that she would corporate at gunpoint. He appeared on the scene of the murder making him guilty of murder. Ly’s case is a conspiracy issue only that he appeared in the murder scene. Had the girl corporated as expected by Ly, none of the shooting would occur.   Myles Hughes was another suspect that did not pull the trigger. He only went inside the car with the rest of the suspects. He sat next to the fifth suspect, who pulled the trigger. His charge is that of conspiracy, as he did not expect the fifth suspect to pull the trigger. The shot girl would identify him as the person that acted as an accomplice to the theft. Nicholas Smith was the suspect who cooperated with the police at the time of the murder. The individual had the knowledge that the stealing of the marijuana was the only plot of the robbery. He had no plan of being involved in the robbery, happened to appear in the murder scene. There is no murder charge against him, because he did not have initiative to participate in the robbery.  

Globalization, Communication And Postmodernity Describing The Shift Essay

Globalization, Communication And Postmodernity Describing The Shift From Web 1.0 To Web 2.0 - Essay Example From the read-only interface offered by Web 1.0, the introduction of Web 2.0 has opened various means of web communications making the web interface not only as a source of information, but also as an interactive zone. Blogs, wikis, social network sites, online games, and even e-commerce have redefined practices of communication in the postmodern times re-introducing the processes and activities in a globalized approach. Starting from Web 1.0 as the first generation World Wide Web, the first web interface offered read-only contents via static websites with limited performance and visual parameters, zero to minimal interaction with the site, and most importantly, web communication fundamentally facilitated via e-mail. Shuen (2008) has described Web 1.0 as a digitized place for searching information, for making available and transmitting various downloadables, and for fashioning e-commerce approach from the traditional mail-based interfaces. Added by Oreilly (2007), Web 1.0 treated web as a platform for presenting information using one-way channel of communication with limited response mechanisms. For instance, Web 1.0 services, such as Mp3.com, Akamai, Ofoto, content management systems, and others, are the means utilized for conveying content, downloadables, and information. ... Meanwhile, business model of Web 1.0 follows the principles of treating users as audience and speculating consumers (Eighmeya & McCordb, 1998), admin-based web business (Oreilly, 2007) and lastly, one-way search and one-way feed of information (Sinclair, et al., 2006). These details support and explain the architectural background of Web 1.0 that stems from the identified â€Å"architecture of presentation† (Oreilly, 2007; Sinclair, et al., 2006). On the other hand, the upgraded version known as Web 2.0 is characterized by the read-write interface where values emerge from the contribution of the larger viewers instead of the traditional command and control of information (Lytras, et al., 2008). The objectives of Web 2.0 are to enhance creativity, information sharing, and collaboration among users, such as the development of so-called web communities through various social networking sites, wikis, blogs, and folknomies (Zhang, 2008). Gossen (2011) has identified four key charac teristics of Web 2.0. He claims that web 2.0 fosters web presence on the web by allowing the option of regular updating, responding to, and even creating content under a user profile. Secondly, Web 2.0 allows personal modification of web-interface affecting the personal web experience of a single user with a 2.0-based website, and more notably, website contents are user generated often a result of collaboration between users and site developers. He also asserts that, Web 2.0 is about social participation through various web activities, such as ratings, rankings, commenting, feedback mechanisms, and others all aimed at interacting with other users. Aside from its

Role of Banks in Real Estate Financing in Saudi Arabia Research Paper

Role of Banks in Real Estate Financing in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example The real estate boom in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has attracted banks to fund the projects in this sector. Banks financing real estate create a win-win scenario for the owners as well as the banks. There are other financiers in real estate including the Saudi Arabia Government. The terms and conditions for the banks and other real estate financiers vary depending on the project and location. Banks have been playing an important role in financing real estate sector in Saudi Arabia increasing the current boom in the sector, lending banks and the real estate owners profit from this arrangement which may be affected by economic and political factors bringing up some challenges which can adversely affect the profitability to the two partners. The real Estate Sector The real estate sector is one of the fastest growing in the world if not the fastest. It is the only sector in the world that has defied the norm currently. Despite recession and economic slow down in most of the countries in the world, the real estate sector continues to grow at a remarkable pace. This has led to increased prices for both developed properties and undeveloped land. Some of the top hotspot markets for real estate in the world today are: China: The most populous country in the world has been getting high demand for housing. Hong Kong, one of the fastest growing

DIY garden marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DIY garden marketing plan - Essay Example Most of the respondents believed that the most attractive features of these designs are the elegance and creativity that comes with their design. The designs are not just made to serve the purpose that the resultant product should serve, but they have a way of relating to nature, which makes them even more attractive for gardens. The customers also said that the deliveries were made within 24 hours apart from a few cases where there were explanations for the delays. The average rating of the designs was 4 out of five. Most of the respondentsthoughts that the designs would be more attractive if there was a way through which they could be personalised according to the specific preferences of customers. The pricing strategy of the company is notably competitive. The company strives to offer the most affordable prices by reviewing the prices of their competitors. Given the fact that the company highly depends on innovation, they choose the lowest possible prices so that they can leave their potential customers and existing customers with no option but to buy their products. In a market that is highly competitive, this strategy has been effective given the fact that the global economic crisis have affected the price sensitivity of consumers in Plymouth (Kim & Mauborgne 2015, p. 187). Furthermore, the high number of players in the recent past means that the customers have higher bargaining power within this area. This implies that the consumers will always go for the most affordable products and services available in the market. With the lower prices the company has been able to cope with the companies that were more dominant and popular even before their existence. The strategy has b een effective in winning new customers and retaining the already existing ones. Given the fact that the business organisation is based in Plymouth, the most appropriate way through which the products can get to the customers is by road.

Network Design for the 2012 London Olympics Essay Example for Free

Network Design for the 2012 London Olympics Essay This report is a step by step analysis of the requirements planning and implementation of a network based on the infrastructure of an office environment. Throughout this report, the reader will see how the requirements planning is broken down into detailed sections to illustrate how each requirement has been identified for the stages of planning to implementation. In the first part of the report, we will be identifying what hardware is required for the scale of the network, taking into consideration a room for future expansion and devices to be added at a later date. The second part of the report will be the identification of software that will be needed to run all services on the network including set-up and configuration of the software. Network Planning Why is a network required? Before actually planning the set-up of a network, the use of a network has to be justified. There are many uses to a network, some of the basic uses are †¢ Sensitive information exchange – information is shared only between departments and/or specific users and not to other people, e. g. customer account information that contains bank information and/or other personal information. †¢ Internal digital mail requests and communication between departments in a business may be increased and messages can be saved for later use. †¢ Resource sharing – information updated constantly is shared from one location and is referenced by other departments and/or users within the same network, e. g. a database of customer details and orders for a company. †¢ File Backup Services – information is backed up or stored in a secure location in the event of future problems and to maintain records of information. There are other uses of networks as well but mainly they are used as a means of security. Within a company, when a network is utilised correctly, the flow of information across a network can be monitored and tracked back to the user. This is essential to ensure no information used within the company is accessed from an outside source or is used in an unlawful manner by a company employee. Scope of the network Since the network is being made for the London 2012 Olympics, we can assume that the network will be of large scale (roughly 500-2,000 users). This means that each service, such as email and DHCP services, will require its own dedicated hardware in order for the resources to be adequately shared without any network latency or slow access experience. If the network is used on a much smaller scale, then the services could run from using only a few pieces of dedicated hardware such as the domain and email services sharing hardware. A site survey should always be performed before installation a network to ensure that wireless signals can be transmitted throughout the building or buildings and to see how the network can be modelled based on the environment it is going to be installed in. Identifying Network Hardware In this section, we will identify different hardware and its uses on a network, how a network is connected and what devices are used to connect a network throughout a company building. Servers and Services There are many different types of services that can be hosted from a server on a network. Many of these services usually have their own dedicated hardware but depending on the scale of the network, the services can easily be bunched together on the same hardware to cut down on overall equipment usage. Domain Server The domain server is used to authenticate users and computers included on the network. It is considered the main access control to a network because it stores all user account information used in authentication. Email Server The email server is used to direct messages to the correct recipient once the message has been processed by the server. Many companies today use a private internal mail system as a way of faster communication within departments. File Server A file server is used to provide users access to information and data across the network. This helps reduce file duplication across different computers on the network. Permissions can be set for file access so that important documentation can be read but not written to or deleted. DNS Server A DNS server is a kind of server that translates DNS names into an I. P address that is used for communication on the internet. DHCP Server A DHCP server is used by hosts to retrieve I. P addresses and other information. Firewall Server A firewall server is used for monitoring the network for vulnerabilities and intrusions and detecting viruses in the event of an attack from the internet. Application Server An application server is used to host applications and make them a part of the network’s resources. The servers are commonly used to save on costs for multiple software licenses compared to a site license. Database Server A database server is used to host a database for access by users. These servers can be updated and viewed. These are commonly used in finance departments or companies that host customer records that needs to be accessed and amended constantly. Network Devices This section will better explain the other devices that make up a network such as the network equipment itself and other devices which can be considered essential to a networked environment. Modem A modem is used to connect an outside line (usually from an internet service provider) via telephone communication to the network enabling internet access or access to another site’s resources. Router A router is a device that forwards data packets between devices on a network and can manage which network node receives certain data rather than sending the same data to each node. Routers can also have their own firewalls. Switch A switch is used to connect segments of a network together. Switches are an important part of a network as they are used to connect multiple devices at once. These switches come in all shapes and sizes, ranging from a simple 2 port switch to a 48 port switch which fits into a server rack. Wireless Access Point The wireless access point is a device that adds wireless connectivity to your network. This type of network device is often used to connect portable devices such as laptops, PDA and Smartphones to the network. It is also used for wireless printers and installing hardware devices to computers where network cabling is not applicable. Network Printer Network printers are printers made available on the network as a resource so that many users can print from one location. This cuts down multiple hardware usage per computer which saves hardware costs and maintenance. Aside from users, all of these services and devices are what make up a network. Connecting your Network: Cabling and Access Points Now that we have outlined what services and devices make up a network, there is the matter of how a network will be connected. There are a few methods of connecting a network, each with its own pro’s and con’s. The standard method of connecting a network is via cable. Cable Connection Cable connection for a network is one of the most trusted methods of connecting users to resources. The reason for this being that wired connections were the first standard and constant communication to be used with computers. Wireless connection is still a fairly new method of communication and is therefore still changing. Types of Network Cables There are quite a few types of network cables that are used today in business, each suited for different purposes. Twisted Pair is a type of copper cabling that is used for telecommunications and most Ethernet networks. There are two types of twisted pair cabling. †¢ Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) – UTP cables have a range of 100 meters and rely solely on the cancellation effect produced by the twisted-wire pairs that limits signal degradation. †¢ Shielded twisted pair (STP) – STP cables reduce electrical noise from within the cable since each pair of wires is wrapped in metallic foil to better shield the wires from noise. Four pairs of wires are then wrapped in a metallic braid or foil. Coaxial cable is a copper-cored cable that is surrounded by heavy shielding. There are several types of coaxial cable. †¢ Thicknet or 10BASE5 – used in networks and operated at 10mbps, maximum length of 500 meters. †¢ Thinnet or 10BASE2 – used in networks and operated at 10mbps, maximum length of 185 meters. †¢ RG-59 – Most commonly used with cable television. †¢ RG-6 – Higher quality than RG-59, with more bandwidth and less susceptibility to interference. A fibre optic cable is either a glass or a plastic fibre that carries light along its length. Fibre optic cable can reach distances of several miles before the signal needs to be regenerated. Fibre optic is more expensive than copper cable and connectors are more expensive and harder to assemble than other connections. Wireless Connection Wireless technology is also a greatly utilised technology in business today even though the reliability of wireless connection does not compare to that of a cable connection. Security There are a few different ways to apply security in a network. Some security protocols may be placed during network design and some protocols when the network is running. Network security during the design During the designing of the network, avoid giving anyone outside the implementation team or network designer any information, such as work plans about the network design or the materials that will be used for the network, which will help Vandals infiltrate or use the network inappropriately. Basic security that should be present in a network 1. Firewall will offer a tougher barrier between the private network and the Internet. Firewalls will prevent unwanted users or hackers from accessing the network. 2. Proxy can be used to provide users a way to connect to the proxy server by requesting authentication from the security service during the exchange of files in the network. 3. Antivirus – is used to prevent viruses from penetrating the network and the computers connected to it. It also eliminates the counter-espionage potential within a network. Since there are many antivirus softwares available, the network has the freedom to choose the appropriate antivirus for the network. 4. Strong password encourages all network an   web users to use a password that contains letters, numbers and symbols so as to increase the difficulty of breaking or cracking the password and steal any information from the network. 5. Packaging – cables used to make sure no unauthorized person have access to data and change it. Disaster Planning and Recovery Before setting a network, the manager of the project requires designers and developers of the network to take into account unforeseen circumstances, such as natural disasters and hardware failure, to reduce their impact. Earthquakes, floods, fires and such disasters may be given a solution using the following points †¢ The proximity of cables to main electrical wirings must be significantly distant to avoid fire. †¢ As much as possible, servers must be placed outside the building. Extra security protocols must be applied to avoid losing information. †¢ If a building has multiple servers, it is advised that all servers be placed on an isolated location and away from public gathering places. This will require the development of additional security precautions. †¢ Different types of cables should be considered in setting up a network to maximize its us †¢ Do not put cables near bodies of water or water discharge sa this may damage the cables †¢ Provide rooms with electric generators in case a power outage occurs. Make sure that these rooms are close to their central control devices to avoid technical problems in connecting the machines to the generator. †¢ Provide fire-preventing equipment such as fire extinguishers near the whereabouts of control systems †¢ Provide water and fire alarms to inform personnel if water or fire gets near the data storage devices †¢ The network team should provide a spare or backup server to perform full back up planning after disaster With the increase in number of intrusions and attacks on networks trying to take data and information, a way of protecting these data should be prioritized in a network. Since the data are, most of the time, secret and important to companies, detection and control of intrusions must be strictly implemented. Through the latest presentations that we have done in class, we have learned new techniques and OSI Models that should be taken into account to provide the highest standards of security and quality. Some of these techniques are firewalls, proxies, encryptions, IP security, data authenticity, communications type and satellites.

Comparing For Profit and Non for Profit Colleges Essay Example for Free

Comparing For Profit and Non for Profit Colleges Essay Colleges and university have slowly become one of the stepping stones into the working world today. People go to colleges for higher education with the intention of earning degrees in which they can use in their respective fields. Some example degrees that people pursue are Medical, Law, Business, Accounting, and Science Degrees. Through the years the idea of college was that it was optional and it was a door for better life and job. However in the modern times, it become a necessity. It all started when the colleges once single- gender institutions target specific students in their respective demographics. Today, the college market has now been divided into two major categories: Not-for-Profit Colleges and For-Profit colleges. Not-For-Profit Colleges are institutions that are interested in serving the students needs by providing necessary education to the student. The Not-For-Profit organization are tax exempt and have a board of trustees that makes decisions. For-Profit Colleges are run like a business in which their goal is to generate income for their owners and shareholders. There are no board of trustees at For-Profit College and the owner and shareholders control the decision on which is best for the institution. Although the objective for both Not-for-Profit Colleges and For-Profit College is to provide their students an education in which they can use for their future, both institution have great differences in which their organizations are run. Although the primary objective For-Profit colleges is to provide an education, they are merely a business in which their goal is to earn a profit. Like any business, the For-Profit Colleges can be setup as a sole proprietorship, partnership, or even a subsidiary of a larger company. The For-Profit College can also be setup as a corporation that have stocks traded on the stock markets. They will try to bring earnings and a return on investment for all their shareholders and investors. They can have great flexibility because at the end of the day, the goal for the For-Profit College is to make money and only that. The instructors that are hired at For-Profit Colleges usually have a very different approach to their teaching compared to Non-For-Profit Colleges. Usually they are merely there to carry out the lesson plans in which was designed by the institution. Majority of the lesson plan given to each student is standard which means the instructors do not have the liberty to create their own curriculum or lesson plans. This is also due to the purpose of the education given is to assist the student in getting specific jobs with specific job functions. The courses at the For-Profit college is to help the students get better jobs in the market while the courses at Not-For-Profit College intend to allow the student learn and grow within their respective fields. Students that enter For-Profit colleges already have a plan in terms of type of jobs they would like to pursue and they enroll in the necessary courses while some students at Not-For-Profit College have no idea which career that they would like to pursue. Not-For-Profit college help you learn and gain the knowledge in the field that youre interested in while For-Profit colleges prepare you for the specific job that you want to do. The admission process for For-Profit schools are not as selective as the one in Not-For-Profit College. There isnt much prior evaluation of the student since their main goal is to make a profit. They tend to be more flexible in terms of their requirements and appeal to students of all ages and races. Modern day classes can be taken online and at more convenient times such as nights and weekends to accommodate students that work full time. Online has also been the new trend because of the lower overhead costs for the For-Profit institution. For-Profit institutions tend to not have a campus like the Not-For-Profit colleges do. For-Profit colleges classes is usually at their own building or leased space. There isnt any services such as on-campus food or housing that is available to the students at For-Profit institutions. The college provides students with the education that they need for their desire jobs rather than a college experience that a Not-For-Profit college can provide. For Profit institutions conduct their accounting the same as any regular business would do. Their main goal is to make a profit just like all businesses would do. For-Profit institutions must comply with the Federal Accounting Standard Board. The tuitions are recorded as revenue while the expenses include leases, staff, and maintenance expenses. For-Profit colleges budget system must include tools to forecast budgets, manage variance and generate financial reports. The budget forecast is designed to estimate revenue and expenses to its income center, administrative cost structure, and its academic schedule. The income center budget includes enrollments, revenue, and expenses by academic period. Administrative expenses include administrative costs per student and personnel pay ranges. The budget should also include financial report to show if the institution is profitable. Statements such as cash flow statements, net income, and balance sheet should all be included. The budget must also be flexible enough in case that their projections arent accurate. They should be easily accessible so that managers can routinely check if their performance is above, below, or even on target. To determine if the institution is on track with its budget and strategic plans, they would measure their six categories in their budget to get a better picture of the institutions performance. They are new students, enrollment, cost performance, revenue, net income, and cash flow. This way they would also be able to measure the efficiency of their institution also. The goal for Not-For-Profit Colleges is to provide students with higher education and help them advance in a particular field. Not-For-Profit Colleges are traditional college such as community colleges, state universities, and liberal arts colleges. These institutions gain funding to provide their services from the government subsidy, tuition fees, and donations. All the income that are received is strictly used for institution purposes. Some examples are professors, staff, maintenance, utilities, or even computers that the school needs and student needs. All the money is given back to the institution in some way. The professors hired at a Not-For-Profit College design their own courses and create their own course curriculum and lesson plan. They can provide the education in their courses with their own individual styles and lesson plans. The professors are under the guidance of the Board of Trustees, which is composed of different representatives that make decisions for the college. Not-For-Profit colleges are mainly to provide education for the student who are enrolled in their institution. The classes are usually on a campus in which the student spends a majority of their time at. The board of Trustees focuses on improving their campus for the student. The Board of Trustees is constantly making decisions from an academic, campus, and efficiency perspective in order to provide the best possible service for their students. Not-For-Profit Colleges select their students through a vigorous and selective process. Students usually express interest in attending the college and then the college decides if the student would be a good fit for the college. After being accepted, the student would be able to earn a scholarship to help with the room and board that the college charges. Not-For-Profit Colleges are selective of the students since they strive to serve students who would fit the reputation of the institution. This selective process allow college to focus on the needs of the students that are a good match for the college. From an accounting perspective Not-For-Profit colleges follow the rules of Governmental Accounting Standards Board who is responsible for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles used by the United States. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board issues statements that deal with the accounting principles and financial reporting rules of government and other Not-For-Profit organizations. Like all Not-For-Profit organization, these college contribute without expecting commensurate returns. Their main purpose is to provide education to the students that enroll in their school. Most of their income for these colleges come from the tuitions and fees they receive from their student. Other income comes from donation and government subsidies. When a Not-For-Profit College receives tuition payments and fees in full from students the college is supposed to record it at a gross amount, as any revenue would be recorded. If a student meets certain criterion that allows them to attend a publicly funded not-for-profit institution, tuition may be waived in the form of a tuition waiver. Tuition Waivers are reported as a contra-revenue account reducing the revenue account. If the college has any debts, they are recorded just as businesses record them as the debts are recorded with institutional support expenses. Students may pay for college with scholarships which are essentially amounts contributed for the education of a selected individual. Scholarships are given for a range of reasons including high academic standing, membership in certain societies, or awards. However there are two main sources of scholarships which are an outside donor or the scholarship is awarded by the college itself. If the scholarship is from an outside donor the not-for-profit college simply collects the amount receivable from the donor. If the scholarship is awarded by the college itself the accountant reduces the college’s accounts receivable. This reduction in the accounts receivable is recorded as an expense to education and general student aid. Certain expenses of a not-for-profit college are unrestricted net assets classified as instruction expense, research expense, public service expense, academic support, student services, institutional support, operation and maintenance of plant and student aid. Not-For-Profit Colleges cannot operate on tuition fees alone as all the money is immediately put into the school. Fortunately as a Not-For-Profit organization these colleges may receive governmental subsidies as support revenue. There are two types of government subsidies classified as unrestricted and restricted. Unrestricted subsidies are intended for the college to use in general operations. The Board of Trustees also has the power to decide whether a subsidy is unrestricted. Restricted subsidies can be split into either temporarily or permanently. These subsidies often are given for a certain purpose such as an expansion or special project. The restrictions on these subsidies refer to the amount that can be spent and when it can be spent. Sometimes the government may also provide students with grants, which are similar to scholarships in the sense that they are provided to help students reach their financial needs for school. Government grants can both be state or federal and come from government programs such as Pell or the Federal Supplemental Education Opportunity Grant. Similar to scholarships the college may either distribute the cash to the proper students or receive the amount that is to be distributed. If the college decides to receive the grant then it is recorded as a liability in the â€Å"Grant Funds Held for Students† account. Not-For-Profit colleges usually also have an endowment fund which is used to help finance the operating expenses of the organization. Aside from the general endowment the institution may also have restricted endowments intended for specific purposes such as professorships, scholarships or fellowships. For cash received from permanent endowments it is recorded as a contribution and the income is restricted to student aid. Any income received due to an endowment is temporarily restricted and the cash is meant to be spent on student aid. The other services that a Not-For-Profit College provides are the Auxiliary Services. The Auxiliary Services are the services and amenities of the campus. Examples of such services are residence halls, food services and the college athletic teams. These services are classified under unrestricted revenues and expenses. The total of the accounts from the auxiliary services are reported on the Statement of Activities for the College and subsidiary records are also kept. The Statement of Activities for the Not-For-Profit College will usually list the Revenues combined with Total Net Assets Released from Restrictions for Operations to get the Total Revenues and Reclassifications. The next section is usually the Expenses section followed by any Net Change in Unrestricted Assets, Temporarily Restricted Assets and finally Permanently Restricted Net Assets. The Statement of Activities is then followed by a summary on the Change in Assets for the past year. Even though the main purpose of both For-Profit and Not-For-Profit is the same, the way that they function arent necessary the same. The accounting standards and rules that they follow both are very different. Also the rules that both colleges follow are extremely different. Both colleges have their strength and weaknesses in their way that they serve their students. The student should chose the type of college they want depending on what their needs are. If the student is looking to advance their education they should be looking for a traditional Not-For-Profit College. If they are trying to land a job that has technical skills which are required, then the For-Profit College is a better option.

Impact of the Acheson Report on Health Policy

Impact of the Acheson Report on Health Policy In what way did the Acheson Report represent a radical approach to health policy? How far did it inform New Labours policy on reducing inequalities in health? Introduction: A government commissioned report on health inequalities led by Sir Donald Acheson has been marked as extremely influential in shaping future UK health policies. The Acheson report highlights the area in which health inequalities could be reduced and provides the direction of health policies promoted by the Department of Health. The report focuses on several areas such as poverty that seems to have disproportionate effect on children. Increased benefit levels have been recommended for women of childbearing age, expectant mothers, young children and older people suggesting mothers on income support tend to have inadequate diets. The report also calls for more funding support to schools in deprived areas, better nutrition and the concept of health-promoting schools. Benefit levels for providing nutritional meals to children should be increased and food should be more affordable for fulfilling nutritional needs of children. The report also focuses on smoking and drinking problems urging for restrictions on smoking in public places, a ban on tobacco advertising and promotion, mass educational initiatives, increases in the price of tobacco and the prescriptions for nicotine replacement therapy. The Acheson report also suggests close links between health and mortality rates. The Acheson report has been instrumental in shaping, directing and implementing several changes in the NHS Health policy. Several studies and research reports have been published on the impact and influence of the Acheson report on changes within health care policy. The Acheson report identified three crucial areas on social gradient and health inequalities and suggested that a high priority should be given to the health of families with children; all policies likely to have an impact on health should be evaluated in terms of their impact on health inequalities; steps should be taken to reduce income inequalities and improve the living standards of poor households. The Acheson Report and UK Health Policies The Acheson Report 1998, an Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health was similar to the Black Report 1980 and can be considered as a Department of Health review of the evidence on inequalities in health in England. The Department of Health has responded to the Acheson report by taking an official course of action. The Department of Health mentions that tackling health inequalities is a top priority for the Government, and is focused on narrowing the health gap between disadvantaged groups, communities and the rest of the country, and on improving health overall. The strategy for addressing this problems is published in, Tackling Health Inequalities: A Programme for Action that lays the foundations for meeting the Governments target to reduce the health gap on infant mortality and life expectancy by 2010.A programme for action include a three-year plan for tackling health inequalities and to help local organisations improve the way services are delivered to disadvantaged groups. The programme for action in response to the Acheson report is based on Supporting families, mothers and children Engaging Communities and Individuals Preventing Illness and providing Effective treatment and Care Addressing the underlying determinants of health The Acheson report suggests that socioeconomic inequalities in health and expectation of life have been found in England for many years and there have been data identifying differences in longevity by ones socioeconomic position. Inequalities of health are measured in terms of mortality, life expectancy or health status and could be categorised by socioeconomic status, ethnic group or gender. The Acheson report suggested that there are differences in the health status of mothers, babies, people of lower socioeconomic status and people who smoke or drink heavily. The report definitely shows that death rates are falling in England and the rates have fallen since 1896. Thus life expectancy seems to have risen in the last few years although healthy life expectancy has not been rising. In fact the proportion of people with long standing illness has risen from 15 percent to 22 percent (Acheson Report, 1998). The Acheson report thus gave new insights on health policies and identified issues that contribute to an increased rate of mortality and possible ill health. It identified several socioeconomic determinants including income distribution and household below average income, education, employment, housing, homelessness, public sector, transport and health related behaviour. Following the report, the Choosing Health White Paper given by the Department of Health sets out the key principles for supporting the public to make healthier and more informed choices in regards to their health. Through the paper, the Government has provided information and practical support to get people motivated and improve emotional well-being and also provide access to services to encourage people to make healthy choices. The government has also drawn up a food and health action plan that focuses on the ways that better health can be achieved through better nutrition at all stages of life and for different gro ups in society, recognising and addressing different needs, particularly those of disadvantaged groups (Choosing Health, DH, 2004). The government has also set up the Health Improvement Plan and a new NHS plan for tackling health inequalities 81% of people in higher socio-economic groups consider themselves to be in good health now, compared with 61% of people in the lowest groups 76% of people in the higher groups expect to be in good health in 10 years’ time, compared to 53% of people in the lowest groups (DH, 2004). Putting forward the NHS improvement plan, the Government reiterated the NHS commitment that the NHS is motivated to prevent disease and improve health in general. The Government policies are focused on the fact that inequalities in health cannot be accepted and the fundamental objective is to create healthier choices for disadvantaged groups. The NHS Improvement plan was laid down in 2004 to not only counter health inequalities but also provide better quality of care to patients and provide safer and more effective treatment. The NHS Improvement Plan set out modernisation and health plans putting patients and service users first through more personalised care; a focus on the whole of health and well-being, not only illness; and further devolution of decision-making to local organisations. (DH, 2004) According to the Government report and Action Plan laid out in then Choosing Health White paper the nutritional priorities were given as follows: increase in the average consumption of a variety of fruit and vegetables increase in the average intake of dietary fibre to 18 grams per day reducing average intake of salt to 6 grams per day reduce average intake of saturated fat maintaining the current trends in reducing average intake of total fat reducing the average intake of added sugar (Choosing Health White paper, 2004) The Government took several steps to ensure that the recommendations of the Acheson report is considered for any further changes within the NHS. Accordingly major steps have been taken to ensure consumer awareness on the consumption of healthy foods and development of good food habits. Reducing the proportion of fat, salt in the diet has been recommended and retailers and caterers have been asked introduce healthier range of foods and offer such foods in convenient stores, centre locations and in remote areas of the city. In a plan to tackle health inequalities, the Government has focused on many plans including – Offer people personal health plans with support from the NHS. Recruit NHS health trainers to provide advice and support for people to develop their personal health plans. Provide services in the areas of highest need. Offer disabled people the option of taking up a health check. (DH, 2004) Considering the Acheson report on the exaggerated problems of health care among pregnant women and children, the government has also provided eligible pregnant women with vouchers that can be exchanged for fresh fruit and vegetables, milk and infant formula through a new scheme called Healthy Start. A Sure Start scheme is also in place for providing training, guidance and support for early years to children. Practitioners encourage changes in parental behaviour and improve the social and emotional development and physical health of children in the early years. Community Parental Support Projects are also in place that involves training of lead workers in 500 communities. ‘Healthy Schools’ programmes are encouraged to target deprived schools including Pupil Referral Units. The Government has promoted the concept of healthy schools by 2006, working towards a healthy school status by 2009. The concept of Healthy schools, Sure Start and the Concept for providing Parental Support as well as providing people with personal health plans are some of the steps that the government has taken to ensure the promotion of health. Some of the objectives of the Action Plan have been given as follows. Following the Acheson report, the government focus has shifted from the one aimed to meet national targets to a different approach that could be given as follows standards are the main driver for continuous improvements in quality; there are fewer national targets; there is greater scope for addressing local priorities; incentives are in place to support the system; and all organisations locally play their part in service modernisation. (Care Standards Planning Framework, 2004). Research Studies We discuss several studies which deal with the Acheson report. Oliver and Nutbeam (2003) point out that health inequalities has been considered seriously for an approach to improve health care and government policies have been developed to explicitly address existing health inequalities that has become an important issue since Labour has returned to power in 1997. The development of health inequalities policies, have been critically examined to assess how such policies could or should be developed. The authors point out that progress in the development of health inequality policies has been made although the progress is less than expected or ideal. Kisely and Jones (1997) have written on the issues of public health ten years after the Acheson report. They point out that the issue of communicable disease control and the role of public health medicine is of considerable concern in the light of outbreaks and NHS reorganisations. The Acheson report seems to have highlighted several issues in this regard. Yet as Kisely and Jones the Reports findings have yet to be fully implemented. The paper calls for a further review of public health function and should include the removal of the specialty from management costs, and the clarification standardisation of the roles of the Director of Public Health (DPH), CPHM and other members of the multi-disciplinary public health team (Kisely and Jones, 1997). Possible organisational implications for a public health approach have also been suggested. Tarlov (1999) has delineated four conceptual frameworks providing the bases for constructing public policy strategies for improving population health and this include: (1) Determinants of population health. (2) Complex systems: (3) An intervention framework for population health improvement. (4) Public policy development process with two phases of public consensus and policy action. The Acheson report can be judged in this context and has provided both a consensus and a policy framework. Conclusion: The research studies and analysis of the Acheson report suggests that the 1998 Acheson report has been extremely influential in shaping Health care policies in the UK and reducing inequalities in health. Bibliography Primary health care in Londonchanges since the Acheson report. BMJ. 1992 Nov 7;305(6862):1130-3. Tarlov AR. Public policy frameworks for improving population health. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;896:281-93. Blane D. Health inequality and public policy: one year on from the Acheson report. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Dec;53(12):748. Williams A. Commentary on the Acheson report. Health Econ. 1999 Jun;8(4):297-9. Barnes R, Scott-Samuel A. The Acheson report: beyond parenthood and apple pie? J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Jun;53(6):322-3. Spencer NJ. The Acheson report: challenges for the College. Arch Dis Child. 1999 Jun;80(6):576-8. Better benefits for health: plan to implement the central recommendation of the Acheson report. BMJ. 1999 Mar 13;318(7185):724-7. Acheson D. Inequalities in health. Report on inequalities in health did give priority for steps to be tackled. BMJ. 1998 Dec 12;317(7173):1659. Oliver A, Nutbeam D. Addressing health inequalities in the United Kingdom: a case study. J Public Health Med. 2003 Dec;25(4):281-7. Kisely S, Jones J. Acheson revisited: public health medicine ten years after the Acheson Report. Public Health. 1997 Nov;111(6):361-4. Also see: DH publications: Choosing Health White Paper, DH, 2004 NHS Plan, DH publication 2004 Acheson Report, DH publication, 1998 Inequalities in health, DH publication 1998 NHS Improvement Plan, 2004 www.dh.gov.uk

Film Analysis of Malicks Badlands (1973) Essays -- Cinematography Fi

The reclusive film director Terrence Malick has to date, only directed a small number of films. His twenty year hiatus between directing Days of Heaven (1978) and The Thin Red Line (1998), may provide the explanation for such a sparse back catalogue. Malick’s refusal to talk with the media, has led to hearsay, as to how he occupied his time during the hiatus. Malick’s directing debut Badlands (1973) is a collection of concepts, all carefully moulded together to create one iconic piece of film. This process draws in and also alienates the audience. Malick’s style is positively noted by critics to be influenced by European philosophy. This is clearly due to Malick’s study of philosophy at Harvard and Magdalen College Oxford. There is no given explanation to the mindless violence featured within the film, mainly due to the films resistance to the straight forward approach. The familiar and the unknown are carefully merged together. The only way of gaining an understanding into the hidden meanings within Badlands is by breaking down the film, by looking at the characters, the use of sound, the visual setting and the films genre. The illusionary effect of Malick’s style means that all is not as it seems. The films protagonists Kit Caruthers (Martin Sheen) and Holly (Sissy Spacek) are loosely based on the real life adolescent criminals Charles Starkweather and his girlfriend Caril Ann Fugate. Starkweather and Fugate become infamous after their murder spree through Nebraska and Wyoming in the 1950’s, however the story of two young fugitives in love is not one that is unfamiliar with audiences; the most notable is Arthur Penn’s Bonnie and Clyde (1967). The character of Kit also bears a resemblance to Jim Stark, James Dean’s character i... ...ames Dean. Available at: http://panicon4july.blogspot.com/2010/01/doing-his-best-james-dean-terrence.html (Accessed 19/12/2010) Film reference: Badlands. Available at http://www.filmreference.com/Films-Aw-Be/Badlands.html (Accessed 19/12/2010) Films Absence of Malick (2003) Dir. David Gregory [DVD]. USA: Warner Home Video. Badlands (1973) Dir. Terrence Malick [DVD]. California: Warner Home Video. Books Elizabeth Weis, John Belton (1985) Theory and Practice Film Sound, New York: Columbia University Press, pp 346. Hannah Patterson (2007) The cinema of Terrence Malick: poetic visions of America, London: Wallflower Press, pp 6. John Gibbs and Douglas Pye (2005) Style and meaning : studies in the detailed analysis of film. Engalnd: Manchester University Press, pp 42-52. Lloyd Michaels (2009) Terrence Malick, New York: University of Illinois Press.

Phobias Essay -- essays research papers

Phobias Phobias are a very common disorder in the United States these days. The definition for phobia is "an abnormal or morbid fear or aversion" ("Oxford" 655). To be considered a phobia, a fear must cause great distress or interfere with a person’s life in a major way. The word phobia is Greek, therefore, any word that proceeds it should be Greek too. To coin a new phobia name, it is proper and only accepted to follow this rule. The rule has been broken many times in the past, especially by the medical profession. The medical profession is steeped in Latin and many times when forming a name for phobia, they use Latin. There are three kinds of phobias: simple phobia, social phobia, and panic attacks. Simple phobias, also called specific phobias, are fears of a specific thing, such as spiders or being in a closed place. Most simple phobias develop during childhood and eventually disappear. Specific phobia is a marked fear of a specific object or situation. It is a category for any phobias other than agoraphobia and social phobia. The categories of specific phobias are 1. situational phobias such as: fear of elevators, airplanes, enclosed places, public transportation, tunnels, or bridges; 2. fear of the natural environment such as: storms, water, or heights; 3. animal phobias such as: fear of dogs, snakes, insects, or mice; 4. blood-injection-injury phobia such as: fear of seeing blood or an injury, or of receiving an injection. (Wood 520). Social phobias are fears of being in situations where your activities can be watched and judged by others. People with social phobias try to avoid social functions at all costs and find excuses not to go to parties or out on dates. This avoidance is the difference between having a social phobia and simply just being shy. Panic attacks are the third kind of phobia. They can change the quality of a person’s life. Someone with a phobia this bad may be shopping at the supermarket and suddenly experience dizziness and a feeling of being out of control. At that moment, the person experiences a fear of dying, with no safe place to go. When this happens more than once, the person might think they are going crazy. Someone with panic attacks soon won’t leave the house because of fear of a panic attack happening outside the house. Soon, depression s... ...6. Generalization from the original phobic stimulus to stimuli of a similar nature will occur; 7. Noxious experiences which occur under conditions of excessive confinement are more likely to produce phobic reactions; 8. Neutral stimuli which are associated with a noxious experience, may develop motivating properties. This acquired drive is termed the fear drive; 9. Responses (such as avoidance) which reduce the fear drive are reinforced; 10. Phobic reactions can be acquired vicariously (Rachman 31). These theories are used to identify how people obtain phobias and other situations that may occur with phobias. In conclusion, phobias are a big part of many people’s lives these days and a growing medical condition. People do not realize how badly phobias can affect their lives so they don’t receive medical attention. There are no cures for phobias but there are treatments which will help the phobic get over their fear. I personally believe that if people care enough about their lives, they will treat their phobias. Phobias can totally alter your life so if you have any of the symptoms I have listed above, please go and get treatment.

After Cancer Essay -- Long Term Effects Medicine Medical Papers

After Cancer Twice a day, an email full of support, encouragement, and information arrives in the inboxes of the 370 members of the Long-term Cancer Survivors mailing list. The topic of discussion is often the â€Å"late effects† of cancer treatment. One member’s recent posting is titled â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Why, after being in remission for years, am I so angry and depressed that my personal relationships are falling apart?† the cancer survivor asked. The answer is the psychosocial late effects of cancer treatment. Late effects of cancer treatment appear long after the catheter is removed, weekly blood draws cease, and the wigs are tucked away in the back of a closet. A cancer survivor may leave weekly trips to the cancer clinic behind, but late effects can linger for years afterwards. Kathy Steindorf, 43, of Wisconsin, was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s Disease at 38. Four years after entering remission, she began having nightmares that jolted her from sleep to sheet-soaking sweats. â€Å"I woke up from the nightmares with a cold fear,† she said. â€Å"I came to a point where I didn’t want to die, but just wanted to be dead.† Jan O’Daniell, 45, of Texas, hid in her church’s bathroom during mass after being diagnosed with cancer for the second time. â€Å"I didn’t want anyone to know how upset I was,† O’Daniell said. â€Å"I didn’t think I was allowed to be depressed.† Joy T.*, 28, of Illinois, dropped out of high school three years after completing cancer treatment. â€Å"I was so bitter and cynical,† Joy T. said. â€Å"I thought there was no point of going to school if I could just die tomorrow.† Steindorf, O’Daniell, and Joy T. didn’t realize their psychological distress was related to their cancer experience — they had survived, after a... ... â€Å"The first session she asked, ‘This is the first time you’re coming to therapy?’† Joy T. said. â€Å"She told me [my anxiety] was totally normal — I got to talk about a lot of things.† Several years after she dropped out of high school, Joy T. earned her GED. She recently completed her bachelor’s degree in science and healthcare leadership. Steindorf opted not to see a therapist — instead she takes an anti-depressant and leans on her family for support. â€Å"I’m very involved in church and my support circle is awesome,† Steindorf said. Steindorf is thankful that her doctor recognized that she was experiencing psychosocial late effects, but believes other cancer survivors and their doctors don’t pinpoint the problem soon enough. â€Å"Survivors have to know about this — how sad is it if a survivor leads a miserable life after surviving cancer,† Steindorf said.

Milton’s Paradise Lost: The Story of Satan’s Power Politics

In Paradise Lost, Book I & II   the power struggle between Satan, his followers on the one hand   and God and his angels on the other provides a good story with dramatic conflict. In Book I Satan â€Å"who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms† emerges as leader of a rebel group who are overwhelmed by their first defeat but not totally overcome. As a punishment of his ambition and audacity, Satan and his comrades were â€Å"hurled headlong from the ethereal sky †¦to bottomless perdition.† (Bk.I.l.45)Like a statesman with strategic insight he converts this defeat as a springboard for the   next battle and accordingly inspires his followers with a thunderous call: â€Å"What though the field be lost?/All is not lost: the unconquerable will,/ And study of revenge, immortal hate,†(ll.105-07) He instills a confidence in his comrades that victory and defeat are in the hands of the fighters. So his clarion call to his army is addressed to boost their morale and s hake off their depression: â€Å"Awake, arise, or be for ever fallen!†. (l.330)There is also the hint that the first battle was lost due to lack of experience and a inadequate strategy. Moreover, the strength of the enemy (the Almighty) was also not known. Now with hindsight they can formulate a better strategy for an embarking on a war that can end only in triumph. Besides, he has a worthy lieutenant in Beelzebub who has great admiration for the general and mobilize the army. The story of struggle between the ambitious and scheming Satan and the Almighty has all the ingredients of a good plot– a bold and strong anti-hero as the protagonist, the vivid descriptive and narrative power, the sublime epic style, the dramatic dialogues and the technique of beginning the story in the middle of action.Nine days after their expulsion from the bliss of Heaven, Satan and his followers lie stupefied in the burning lake of Hell. Then he rises and awakens his worthy Second-in-Comman d to lead his army to the scorching dry land and hold a meeting to devise the winning strategy. Presently,   a vast council chamber is built to hold a conference of the great Angels. Readers’ attention is arrested by the suspense about the nature of   crime for which such harsh punishment has been meted out to them. Members of Satan’s inner circle – Moloch, Belial and Mammon — offer their opinions, but it is Beelzebub’s suggestion about secretly ruining God’s new creation that is accepted as a fitting revenge against the Almighty.As none offers to undertake this perilous task, Satan volunteers   to take the voyage to the earth after passing through the Hell gate and Chaos. Milton has used flash back technique to present earlier events with the help of dreams, reminiscences and conversations (in Books V-VIII) It seems in Satan Milton has subconsciously created a character for whom he feels sympathy and admiration. But C.S. Lewis refutes this view in A Preface to Paradise Lost: â€Å"It may mean that Milton’s presentation of him is a magnificent poetical achievement which engages the attention and excites the admiration of the reader.† (Lewis.94)  The setting of Hell is an integral part of Milton’s epic style. It is   appropriate as place for punishment of the expelled angels. But Satan with his ingenuity turns it into an advantage by erecting a vast palace called Pandemonium. There he hatches the conspiracy to destroy God’s creation. Hell also highlights the change of scenario for the angels who have fallen from grace. Milton gives us a vivid account of the flaming hell without light and the miserable plight of the fallen angels writhing in pain.The vanquished followers of Satan â€Å"who lay entranced/ thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks.†(ll.301-02). Milton further portrays them â€Å"with looks/ downcast and damp †¦ have found their chief/ not in despair, to have found themselves not lost/ in loss itself;† (ll.522-26) To the   dejected followers comes the uplifting call â€Å"Cherub and Seraph rolling in the flood/ with scattered arms and ensign,† The congregation of the fallen angels at Pademonium is described with due pomp:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Of trumpets loud and clarions be upreared/ his mighty standard (ll.532-33)The fighting spirit of the downcast and damp followers are raised with the help of   sonorous metal blowing martial sounds and ten thousand colorful banners fluttering in the wind and serried shields in thick array convey the impression of the preparation of a counter attack. â€Å"The imperial ensign†¦with gems and golden luster rich emblazed,/ Seraphic arms and trophies:(ll.538-39). We get a grand impression of Satan â€Å"in shape and gesture proudly eminent/ stood like a tower† (ll.590-91)   â€Å"his face/ deep scars of thunder had intrenched †¦ under brows of dauntless courage, and con siderable pride† (ll.600-603) The wealth of details truly conforms to the epic tradition and adds to its grandeur.Millions of rebellious spirits thus stand suffering silently with loyalty and devotion to their commander even after being flung from their eternal splendor, â€Å"driven out of bliss, condemned/ in his abhorred deep to utter woe;/ where pain of unextinguishable fire† (Bk.II.ll.86-88). Satan’s makes a dramatic escape from Hell with a view to covertly strike God by sabotaging his beautiful creation. However, according to F.R. Leavis, â€Å"After the first two books, magnificent in their simple force (party politics in the Grand Style Milton can compass), Paradise Lost, though there are intervals of relief, becomes dull and empty: ‘all,’ as Raleigh says, ‘is power, vagueness, and grandeur.’ Milton’s inadequacy to myth, in fact, is so inescapable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Leavis 61)If the setting of Paradise Lost is changed, we have a new story. In modern era a person of   Satan’s caliber would be hailed as an irrepressible leader of the opposition party in a country with democratic set up. His goal would be to dislodge the ruling party in power in the election. He would aim to convince people by highlighting the government’s failures and underestimating its achievement. Naturally, there would neither be God nor Satan, neither Heaven nor Hell, neither angels nor devils in the new scenario. The ambition to rule would not be regarded a punishable offence.Examples and parallels abound. Many countries in Asia now have militant groups of separatists who declare themselves as â€Å"Liberation Force† that wage armed battles against their own government for freedom and autonomy (naming them would be unwise). Satan’s role has affinity with a militant trade union leader who sometimes, like Lech Walesa in Poland, can win election and   become the President. In stead of brute force the oppo sition leader uses his political strategies and communication skill to convince majority of the voters that the ruling party is at fault and their country will be safer in the hands of his political party.  In U.K. the Labor party won the election overthrowing their rival Tories in 1994 under the leadership of Tony Blair. It is the business of the opposition to pick holes in the performance of the ruling party. He would criticize their policies, attack their inefficiency, expose their corruption and project them as responsible for country’s backwardness. He would offer better plans and strategies to get the country out of the mess. He does not have to fight physically to defeat his rival like Satan, but the methods of   attack have much resemblance.As Satan says: â€Å"our better part remains/ to work in close design, by fraud or guile,† (Bk.I.ll.645-46) and his continual emphasis on victory: â€Å"For who can think submission? War then, war/ open or understood mu st be resolved.† (ll.661-62) The opposition leader often resorts to disparaging remarks and undermining the image of his rival as Satan debunks God, â€Å"Who now triumphs, and in excess of joy/ sole reigning holds the tyranny of heaven.† (ll.123-24) The political rival is presented as oppressor.The main difference is that in Milton’s world there no neutral voters who decide the fate of the leaders. It is God and his angels are in power, and Satan and his ambitious followers endeavor to dethrone Him. Like real life politics there are fence-sitters and defectors in Paradise Lost. The rebel leaders’ meeting in Book II to discuss and debate their strategies has a parallel in modern politics. It may be argued that Milton’s religious epic still have relevance in a secular world. Satan’s story is everyman’s search for power and his struggle to gain it.The underlying theme of Satan’s struggle against God and his angels is that of   s earch for power and motivate a demoralized group of fallen angels and a determination   to sacrifice everything to conquer Heaven and rule it. As Satan proclaims: â€Å"to be weak is miserable,/ Doing or suffering:† (ll.157-58) â€Å"To wage by force or guile eternal war,/ Irreconcileable to our grand foe,† (ll.121-22)  The main characters, the epic style, the inspiring speech, and the preparation for a â€Å"perpetual war† all help to develop the theme of pursuit of power and the use all means to get it. Satan shows the right mindset of a winner who would not accept anything short of   victory as he speaks candidly about it: â€Å"To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell:/Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.†(Bk.I.ll.262-63) Satan represents the freedom-loving individualist who also demonstrates great pragmatic sense by adapting himself to the harsh realities of   Hell and consoles himself with his psychological insight: â€Å"The min d is its own place, and in itself/ Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven.† (Bk.I.ll.254-255)Work CitedLewis, C.S. A Preface to Paradise Lost. London. O.U.P. 1984Leavis, F.R. Revaluation. Harmondsworth. Penguin.1972Abrams, M.H. & Greenblatt, Stephen. The Norton Anthology of English Literature.(7th ed) New York. W.W.Norton & Co. 2001. pp.722-764April 28, 2008

Reflective Essay on Module

With the help of the Gibbs standard for reflectivity I ache written the down the stairs reflective essay. I pay elect this model for reflection ca use up first of all it is simple to understand and heartbeatly it follows a in truth systematic and easy approach. As I began with the staff I was preferably happy that it has been included in the course, as it would help me overcome academic musical composition skills toil virtuallyies. Although, initially I did feel that the faculty would but aim at full-grown academic support, but eventually I realized that the like its name suggests it as well helped develop my personalities as well.In this mental faculty, we were given to assimilate a bankers bill and a musket ball incubate. In this itinerary I matt-up the mental faculty evaluates an individual in diametric ways and on different aspects. By reservation a poster the creativeness of an individual foundation be evaluated. visor presentations argon becoming com mon at workplaces and the first assignment helped us rich person an experience on how to make on. The second assignment was a critical report beginningd on the same denomination we used for the poster. This assignment helped us advance our critical skills and present it in a evening gown report structure.Since we had to critique only cardinal report it was quite difficult as at that place were nonhing to examine it to. We only had theories as a base to help us write the critique. Whilst doing search for the report, I came across a acquisition styles model by devising love and Mumford. The model is given as below. Peter Honey and Alan Mumford (1992) connected for each one stage in this shooting cycle with a preferred learning style Stage 1 Having an experience Activist Stage 2 Reflecting on the experience -Reflector Stage 3? Concluding from the experience -Theorist Stage 4?Acting differently as a result/planning the next steps- Pragmatist As I read closely what each part meant I could hold in sexly interest myself to the Activist part of the model. I am world(a)ly very enthusiastic about things and like to be in billet whenever in a group discussion. It gives me a disposition of satisfaction. Also when we were given discussions in the Tutorial to undertake I would guide to lead and chair the group. Something that is not is that yet as the model suggests even I tend to act and past cope the implications afterwards. This is one attitude of mine that I am trying to hange and adapt to a reflector model where I conduct the implications of my actions onwards acting on them. As it is famously said Think in twain ways before you act. I must(prenominal) inculcate this proverb in my acts of life. numerous a times when I chew over on my learning altitudes I also feel that a part of me is the Pragmatist learner. As I mentioned earlier I am constantly enthusiastic and keen to learn and experience new things. I always understand concepts faster which I can relate to practical experiences in the ultimo and apply to my job in future. unspoiled as the theory states even I tend to generally get enthusiastic with protracted discussions and conversations.From a pragmatist point I want to try to improve my solitaire level especially in leng whereforeed discussions as often in workplaces lengthy discussions are carried out. Personally when I looked at the theorist attitude I matte up I could not fit there but should try to adopt whatever of its attributes such as trying to be a perfectionist. Applying this concept to my PRS module when I was given the poster to do, I did not think much than(prenominal). I alone looked up a few posters and got down to making my poster. It was later that I realized I should have first had discussions with my class conjoin on how they are approaching the assignment.By then I had already acted like an activist but it was time to become a reflector and overcome my hasty behavior. H ence, before I galvani assimilated critiquing the article with my peers and only then got down to do some relevant variation. Coming back to the first assignment. I quite enjoyed making the poster much more than the report as the poster involved using creativity. While I was piece the report I felt up up up quite dull and boring as a format had very formal approach. This is when I realized that I quest to increase my interest for formal writing.Reflecting the Gibbs way I have reached the Analysis stage. To this I concluded that maybe more reading almost the topic and reading a few sample reports would have credibly helped to do it better along with more interest. For that I have archetype I must plan a stripped amount of reading target to be set. And undertake detailed discussions with my class dyad on a regular institution apart from the ones that bechance in the tutorials. On a general note, during the module when the topic of report writing was being covered, I had d oubts but felt they were too silly to ask the module tutor.Due to this I had numerous difficulties while commencement the critical report. I have headstrong not to fear from people settle me and go ahead and ask the questions to blow over my doubts. In fact I did start acting on it and did start sceptical tutors and friends. I realized I should have done this much before. The Personal and look for skills module has taught me about researching which gave me a sense of self confidence on something I wasnt sure I could do. Or rather knew how to do. Before I conjugate the pilots course I was quite friendly with MS Office.But some of the tutorials and lectures on IT skills helped me enhance my technical schoolnical skills prezi, a very interesting application was undiscovered to me. After the lecture I downloaded it and started to see its features. I have always been raise in enhancing my technical skills in whatever form. Because in todays tech savvy corporate environment one is considered un-updated if they do not poses skills. Referencing was a very new concept to me. Initially, I just could not get my head around it. One of the PRS lecture taught us how to use ref works. Now, I just do not need to bother with daybook articles referencing.Refworks had made it so easy. I have particularly mentioned about Prezi and refworks as these were two postgraduatelighting factors that I found in the module, very helpful in making my coursework manageable. As I attended the lectures I felt that the PRS model has been formatted in a way to help students do their coursework and espouse the intellectual and technical skills required to complete the MSC in Human mental imagery Management at Robert Gordon University. Before I came I had heard that RGU has a high performance demand. I felt this module was designed, to make sure that students meet up to it.The good part of this modules experience is it does really help you acquire the Personal and seek skills that it aims to. But in my opinion the module was a little insufficient in providing writing skills, especially for international students who are doing this form of studies for the first time. But as I thought of it I felt it is the master level and everything cannot be provide on a spoon to the students. To this thought I felt, I need to go under in some more motility from my side maybe through taking help of the study skills help available.I have come to a belief forthwith that at masters teachers are more of a catalyst then an trimmings to our masters degree. On a utmost note, the Personal Research skills module in my opinion is essential for every clientele related course. Maybe if I had had something like this while doing my degree it would have been more helpful at a masters level. But whether at a master or at a degree it is an essential model part an individual to develop ass sorts of skills necessitate in todays war-ridden business environment. References HONEY, P. a nd MUMFORD, A. , 1992. The manual of learning styles

I Am a Filipino, a Proud One Essay

The Philippines. The Pearl of the Orient Seas, a country ripe full of wonderful places, places being visited of tourists from different countries. A great country with great people called Filipinos. Filipinos, people with such nice traits.Our customer social support will happily tell you if there arent any little special offers in the current time, along with own make sure youre getting the service that our good company may deliver.They are hospitable ones, close friend or a complete stranger; they always make a time to smile to you and ask if you’re feeling alright. Cheerful, they are, and academically talented too! Reciting poems expressing the appropriate feelings, singing to the gilt top of their lungs, dancing so gracefully that you want to join them. They are hard-working, industrious they are. They are also religious of course, they surrender click all to God.Its saddening to take note that its a incorrect practice of democracy.

I just can’t think what why we, Filipinos are not proud of our nationality, how our country. Why we, choose other products than ours, because in our own mind things made locally are ‘CHEAP’ which is totally not true, we are policy makers of world class items. We should be proud of our country. Don’t you know that we, Filipinos, are admired by people around the world? They love the Philippines AND the Filipinos.Pupils lead busy daily lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline.Condescending a name for the high cost is a step.God made me, love is.

My story isnt reflective of cell all the Filipino atheists.Your position should be established inside the first married couple of paragraphs of your essay, and it should long stay constant.There are numerous misconceptions about people.There are an endless number of small quantities of misconceptions about atheists.

Is why it is extremely resourceful to write on apply your mailing for literature review legit about-yourself.Embracing christ our culture is.Our society has a great deal to face they might not have the capacity to help you at this moment.Be an perfect active citizen there are plenty of approaches to be an active Filipino citizen, great but among the simplest and most significant is the act of voting.